Ethics and Corporate Responsibility Essay

Conceptual PharmaCARE is on of the world’s best pharmaceutical organizations. This paper will investigate Ethics and Corporate Responsibility in the work place and the world and how PharmaCare gave knowledge to their partners CompCare and who takes on the general moral and social duties of the association. The significances of the choices made by the executives are talked about just as the capacity to make changes to help a progressively moral workplace. The capacity to improve tasks and turn a benefit are clarified by talking about management’s necessities to submit to guidelines represented by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration, Federal Drug Administration, Environmental Protection Agency, Equal Employment Opportunity , Comprehensive Environmental Response Compensation and Liability Act and other administrative strategies Morals and Corporate Responsibility in the Workplace and the World Introduction Presentation This paper will inspect PharmaCare’s moral and social duty around its activities, items, and commitment to partners. PharmaCare, an eminent fortune 500 pharmaceutical organization recorded on the NASDAQ is one of the organizations that have every one of these activities set up. It is viewed as one of the most moral and social dependable organizations on the planet because of numerous activities it takes to focus on its duty to secure the earth and upgrade the personal satisfaction for millions around the globe. As of late, numerous organizations have figured out how to turn into an advantage company (B-partnership). This authoritative document of enterprise is to give lawful insurance to the executives that need to both augment investor salary and seek after a social or ecological plan (Andre, 2012). This change in outlook is expected to consumer’s mindfulness, a worldwide temperature alteration and globalization in the business world. Every single worldwide organization have created moral, natural and supportability approaches for their workers, providers, contractual workers and different partners to follow. Key qualities of Stakeholders inside the PharmaCARE situation PharmaCare has a legitimate commitment to these partners. The Company needs the representatives to do its everyday activity in this manner; they may offer numerous motivators to keep the best workers. The providers are one of the fundamental components to this chain since they need to give the hardware or crude material since representatives can deliver an item. The investors, speculators and loan bosses are the gatherings giving financing to PharmaCare to work. Human rights issues of the Colberia’s populace versus that of its Executives A few firms have confronted legitimate suits because of the way wherein they have rewarded the general population, laborers, purchasers, and the earth during their business exercises. For example, the opposition authority of Canada saw Azko Nobel Chemicals BV as blameworthy and they were charged in the government court of Canada on August 18, 2003. The organization had participated in a trick to fix advertise costs for a vital food added substance that was a basic element for a significant creature feed and a compound utilize that was in a few business and buyer items. The organization was fined $2.9 million by the court (American Bar Association, 2002). Numerous buyers just as social intrigue bunches accept that organizations ought target amplifying their benefits as well as put into center the social ramifications of their business exercises. Social obligation has been characterized as acting with concern and affectability and the familiarity with theâ impact of your activities on others, especially the hindered (Entrepreneur, 2014). A portion of the fundamental moral and social obligation issues have been put inside the contact of laws and guidelines that will urge business associations to be in adjustment to cultural measures, qualities, and mentalities. The base desire for business directors is that they ought to stand to and maintain these principles and guidelines (Griseri and Seppala, 2010). Most of the lawful and moral issues that emerge are because of decisions that are regarded exploitative, reckless, or in any case adequate by the general public. It is anyway significant that not all activities that the general public co nsiders unscrupulous may not really be illicit since both lawful and moral issues are dynamic (Hines, 2000). For this situation, the way wherein PharmaCARE has rewarded Colberia’s indigenous populace falls inside the meaning of dishonest practices just as unsatisfactory corporate conduct. To begin with the organization has out of line remuneration arrangements that pay colossal compensations to officials and adventure the position to-document laborers. These laborers get helpless compensations and are presented to unforgiving and risky working conditions. What's more, the organization subjects the laborers to dangerous working conditions. Suggest in any event three (3) changes PharmaCARE can make to be progressively moral going ahead. Make more grounded the association among the average work force and the board. This will permit the partnership to concoct great strategic arrangement which will support the organization in understanding its missions and objectives. Contribute in different corporate social exercises. This is however employing Colberians and remunerating them well. They ought to likewise make a solid effort to improve Colberians’ ways of life. Adhere to the laid US laws precisely, for example, ecological laws just as licensed innovation la Assessing PharmaCARE’s natural activity against the background of its enemy of ecological campaigning endeavors and Colberian exercises. PharmaCARE opens its laborers to unfortunate working conditions. A large number of the workers have been falling wiped out because of breathing in poisonous substances emerging from the company’s labs. Indeed, even with full information on the circumstance, the administration has wouldn't make any medicinal move and the laborers keep on misery. Further, the organization has been blamed for providing a hazardous drugâ to the market that has been related with numerous heart passings. Because of these happenings, the company’s implied natural stewardship activity will be rendered incapable particularly in the wake of the campaigning endeavors agains t the company’s tasks in Colberia. The organization has occupied with acts that might be viewed as dishonest and socially unsuitable. PharmaCARE in this manner comes up short on the ethical power to initiate natural issues since its notoriety in general society has been truly harmed. Also, the company’s claimed abuse of its laborers subjects it to harm of its ecological endeavors particularly when the workers’ wellbeing keep on falling apart in light of the company’s carelessness. Would PharmaCARE’s activities be moral as for the indigenous individuals of Colberia as per the accompanying moral speculations. Utilitarianism-PharmaCare’s utilizes Colberian protected innovation since it augments assets, however doesn't advance joy. Individuals in Colberian buckle down yet at the same time live in brutal conditions. They have no delight and suffer torment, which is an away from of misery. Also, the laborers who are individuals from the Colberian populace endure because of helpless working conditions. PharmaCare’s activities were unscrupulous. Deontology †the organization ha s a â€Å"obligation† to be ethically dependable just as give solid working conditions to the representatives. The organization had been educated regarding the threats encompassing the medication creation however neglected to act as needs be to help with decreasing the hazard. PharmaCare’s activities were unscrupulous. Righteousness morals Virtue morals is individual, as opposed to activity based: it takes a gander at the ideals or good character of the individual doing an activity, instead of at moral obligations and rules, or the results of specific activities (BBC, 2009). Despite the fact that PharmaCare was supported by protected innovation option to feel free to complete its obligations, the exercises weren't right and exploitative since the character of organization authorities was negative. PharmaCare’s activities were untrustworthy. Morals of care-by examining the company’s activities dependent on morals of care, the company’s exercises develop as unscrupulous. As an ethic grounded in voice and connections, in the significance of everybody having a voice, b eing tuned in to deliberately and heard with deference. A morals of care guides our focus toward the requirement for responsiveness seeing someone and to the expenses of losing association with oneself or with others (Gilligan, 2011). Since the Colberian people’s reaction was contrary by their complaining,â the whole company’s venture was deceptive. Your own good/moral compass-from an individual perspective, PhamaCare exercises were unscrupulous in light of the fact that it had the obligation of doing exhaustive examination before managing any medications, giving better than average working conditions to its representatives and instructing patients about the negative impacts of the medication. Thusly, the way that the organization disregarded its obligations and got negative reactions to exercises completed shows that it was exploitative. PharmaCARE’s activities with those of at any rate one (1) genuine organization, whose corporateâ activities prompted moral, natural, or working environment wellbeing issues and mon etary misfortune. There are numerous instances of companies that have been get out by general society on inquiries of morals, ecological duty, working environment wellbeing a d budgetary misfortune. There are six territories specifically where moral issues emerge in the associations: remuneration; irreconcilable situations; distributions and requesting; money related uprightness; venture approaches; and responsibility and vital administration (Rhode and Packet, 2009). A few instances of ridiculous exploitative conduct by enterprise the contrast with PharmaC

MGM465-0801A-05 Business Strategy - Phase 3 Individual Project Essay

MGM465-0801A-05 Business Strategy - Phase 3 Individual Project - Essay Example Then again, the gigantic size of the organization is additionally an extraordinary issue. Most importantly, their merchants are not feeling acceptable to work with them. Taking the above articulation in which the company’s quality and shortcoming are indicated the absolute initial step the organization ought to receive is to dispatch a cost-administration methodology. This procedure requires such advances that will bring down its operational expense. As referenced over that they have old assembling plants, demonstrating that they need innovative progression. The organization needs to upgrade their innovative progression that will bring down their work beds. The work cost in western nations is extremely high. The popular organizations are presently subbing human work with most recent CNC machines. These machines have progressively operational efficiency and give adaptability. Subsequently, organization needs to upgrade their innovations and should put new plant rather the former one. This innovative progression will give adequate effect on the cordless item along these lines improving the deals of cordless. As the organization doesn't think obv iously about its piece of the pie and for this they need to create Research and Development office for effective exploration available so as to know the specific data. The organization must receive the vertical incorporation as their wholesalers are bad to be with them. Then again, the tremendous size of the organization is likewise an extraordinary issue. What's more, that is on the grounds that the poor administration or because of the colossal product offering. While to take care of the issue the organization ought to receive the methodology of mass customization. The mass customization will permit the organization to deliver those items that are requested by the clients and quit creating the items that are causing the additional expense. The organization has to realize what item is delivering more benefit at long last. The company’s greatest quality is the interest of items and its image. So if the organization dispatches the techniques

Contract Law (Introduction to Business Law) Essay

Agreement Law (Introduction to Business Law) - Essay Example s to contract on certain standing, made with the aim that it will get authoritative when it is acknowledged by the individual to whom it is tended to, the â€Å"offeree.3† The â€Å"expression4† may take various structures. The expectation component is a target thought and the instance of Smith v Hughes 5emphasised the applicable thought just like an attention on how a sensible individual would see the circumstance. Seddon et al further declare that the â€Å"test for presence and the degree for an understanding is that of a goal way. At the point when a test is objective, it assesses what the gatherings really said so as to make an offer and agreement6†. In addition, on account of Storer v Manchester City Council7 it was declared by Lord Denning that â€Å"a man can't escape an agreement by saying: I didn't expect to contract† if by his words he has done so†8. Besides, on account of Acme Grain Co. v Wenaus 9it was declared: â€Å"to comprise an agreement, there must be a proposal by one individual to another and an acknowledgment of that proposal by the individual to whom it is made. A simple proclamation of a person’s aim or an announcement of his eagerness to go into dealings isn't an offer and can't be acknowledged in order to shape a legitimate contract10†. Furthermore, the law recognizes an offer and an encouragement to treat, which isn't an offer however a sign of ability to arrange a contract11. For instance, on account of Gibson v Manchester City Council12, the words â€Å"may be set up to sell† comprised an encouragement to treat and not a particular offer. For sure, the Gibson choice tested the conventional view for development of authoritative understanding. For this situation, Lord Denning stated that while thinking about whether there is a coupling authoritative understanding, it could be contended that: â€Å"there is no compelling reason to search for exacting offer and acknowledgment. You should take a gander at the correspondence in general and at the direct of the gatherings and see in this manner

Youth subcultures: Phil Cohen

Youth subcultures: Phil Cohen A basic assessment of crafted by Phil Cohen according to our comprehension of youth subcultures As indicated by Cohen (1972), the redevelopment of Londons common laborers neighborhoods which supported social elites or the nobility brought about the minimization of average workers inhabitants, loss of network and crumbling of aggregate force in the East End. Consequently, there was a breakdown of socio-social collaboration and elements that prompted the advancement of youth subcultures. The target of this paper is to look at Cohens point of view on the effect of quick advancement in London to improvement during the 1950s which provoked the subcultures. These subcultures turned into a basic channel for socialization and political activity yet in addition made separation with standard society that prompted strife and distance (Fiske et al, 2009). Cohens (1972) points of view, which depended on his assessments of the effect of Londons 1950s redevelopment features how open arrangements can have such a significant impact on individual and social request and recognition. Today, numero us urban communities, not just London are managing a convergence of relocation which has fundamentally expanded intercultural collaborations. Despite the fact that these patterns can possibly enhance society, there is additionally the test of managing expanded clash and more prominent rivalry which frequently compromises previously minimized populaces the most. During the 1950s, the city chiefs of London propelled a fast advancement venture intended to renew the capital which despite everything couldn't recuperate from the harms of the Second World War. This urban restoration venture was intended to pull in new inhabitants just as rejuvenate key territories of the city for exchange and business. A significant number of the regions that were focused for redevelopments were at that point lived in by common laborers families who were then moved to what Cohen portrays as periphery neighborhoods. The regions were subsided into by transients who updated the zones as per their individual social and social foundations. This made a gap between neighborhoods: the new improvement was for the social tip top, youthful experts and princely settlers and suburbia which housed the migrated inhabitants were commonly known to be run-down and immature zones. As the inconsistency of personal satisfaction got clear to specialists, the city arranging specialists looked for moderate the circumstance by propelling the improvement of skyscraper lodging ventures explicitly for regular workers families. City managers likewise attempted to draw in back unique inhabitants through empowering interest in new businesses and exchange and trade channels. Notwithstanding, Cohen accepts that the exertion further underestimated these populaces and expanded the social and monetary difficulties of urban life. Cohen likewise concentrates on what he calls the breakdown of matrilocal living arrangement, a term which he uses to allude to the inclination of family unit augmentations to dwell in closeness to one another. This further restrains the limit of families and people to continue social ties and emotionally supportive networks which thusly is related with the breakdown of shared qualities, mores and gauges of direct. Cohen likewise accepts that the redevelopment made remarkable financial and social worry among the average workers. He brings up that post-World War II, numerous family undertakings, generally the foundation of nearby exchange and ventures, were confronting serious rivalry from businesses and simultaneously, work and specialists were being diverted to these ventures from conventional family endeavors. There was even a crusa de for the last mentioned: it was esteemed nationalistic to help the development for these enormous scope private businesses that experienced the war. Simultaneously, there was additionally a push to advance the modernization venture as a national improvement plan, to reposition the nation as the pioneer of exchange and business in Europe. The exposure is said to have seriously hampered work gracefully among network ventures making the idea of work nobility. The populace that was generally influenced by these patterns were new contestants to the work advertise. The progress between the workplace of their folks and the working conditions welcomed on by the redevelopment were noteworthy as per Cohen on the grounds that they required the settlement of new work contingent as well as another social, monetary and political request in brief timeframe. To adapt to the pressure of these turns of events, as indicated by Cohen, these populaces made subculture gatherings to have a feeling of character and social reference. From this point of view, Cohen describes subcultures emblematic structures, not really speaking to the people who make up the gatherings, speaking to a way of life or social viewpoint that doesn't completely fit in with standard society. Distinguishing proof of these subcultures can be made through a lot of social subsystems which incorporate their way of dress, the music that is related with them, the language or dictionary utili zed, and the ceremonies and customs that are combined with participation or personality. As indicated by a report created by the World Bank (2009), the run of the mill worry of network living are increases in urban settings in view of the heightening of rivalry for assets, spaces and openings. Simultaneously, Rothwell (2003) calls attention to that in time of pressure, people need more prominent social support to have the option to have a feeling that all is well with the world and belongingness. For the situation outlined by Cohen (1972) of Londons redevelopment during the 1950s, he recommends that the monetary, social and political difficulties that the common laborers of the period needed to manage added to the expansion of urban pressure and the breakdown of customary emotionally supportive networks which thus made the stage for the advancement of subcultures. Likewise, Majhanovich (2002) calls attention to that the improvement of subordinate associations means that there are populaces feel under-spoke to or unrecognized without fundamentally turning into a practical association. In this manner, their association is a methods for gathering power for portrayal or just acknowledgment. This additionally bolsters Cohens (1972) affirmation that subcultures are emblematic associations, where enrollment is regularly separately characterized and affiliation can be just reasonable. Cohens meaning of subcultures can be testing yet examining the models that he gives is an incredible asset in understanding his point of view. A portion of the difficulties in his definition lie in his portrayal of the wonder as symbolical instead of a group of people. Another region of trouble is the system how youth participation in subcultures really postpones adulthood. In view of Cohens viewpoint, there is a proposal is that there is just about a confrontational connection among subcultures and standard society. This can be especially evident taking into account his portrayals of subcultures as having Mohawks or being dynamic in counter-culture developments. New research is increasingly liberal, if not popularity based, in its perspective on subcultures, noticing that any gathering that makes a relationship with a specific method of life or conviction framework that doesn't completely adjust to social statutes can be considered as a subculture (Neuliep, 2006). In any case, this ought to be found with regards to contemporary society were assorted variety is all the more broadly perceived and is being campaigned for in all divisions and levels of society. Despite the fact that Cohens paper is apparently constrained to 1950s average workers London, he makes critical augmentations from this populace to incorporate lower and white collar class families. Basically, Cohens primary differentiation is between what he considers the world class and what he considers as standard individuals. It appears that Cohen is gathering them essentially in light of the fact that they didn't have prepared access to the regions that were peered toward for redevelopment which suggests that the populace standards utilized by Cohen did not depend on financial level yet rather a geographic one. This raises some worry with respect to the segment and psychographic homogeneity of these gatherings. Thusly, this may have a ramifications on the ends made by Cohen on the social and mental effect of the redevelopment venture. In any case, this might not affect his speculations in regards to the advancement of subcultures yet will challenge the method of reasoning he pr oposes for their introduction which he for the most part ascribed to financial pressure. In equal investigations created by contemporary specialists, for example, Rothwell (2003) and Neuliep (2006) in regards to the advancement of sub-social ethnic gatherings, they call attention to that inspirations are more socio-politically arranged. Investigation of the Cohen messages likewise gives some lack in the proof that he accommodates his contentions. These are not to the extent that one inquiries the genuineness of his declarations however a portion of his progressively emotive thoughts could profit by insights or conclusion studies to help the attestation that the 1950s redevelopment in London is an essential explanation behind the ascent in subcultures that created in resulting years. In any case, it ought to likewise be perceived that since the content is as of now dated and subsequently, contemporary perusers will be unable to promptly relate comprehensively to the social conditions and setting that are being talked about. Both Majhanovich (2002) and Fiske and partners (2009) call attention to that these generational partitions can significantly affect how conditions are seen and at last, how connections and relationships will be perceived. It is additionally this basis that Cohen (1972) accepts is the motivation be hind why a few subcultures were developed and seen to be insurrectionary or to be non-traditionalist. It can likewise be one reason why the subcultures are being related with youth social and p

Reflective Learning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Intelligent Learning - Essay Example This included a ton of faltering around a few themes. This itself included a profound procedure of intuition searching for what establishes information or hypothesis of information. As Syke(1984) states that epistemology is the hypothesis of strategies or grounds of information. I had a few alternatives to apply to get to this information. I could assemble it as a pragmatist( information through reasoning),as an empiricist( information through encounters and observation),as a pragmatist( information through direct view),as a basic realist(knowledge by consolidating sees with existing hypotheses) and as an abstract pragmatist (information through recognition and models). This represented another progression in scholarly headway as it lay clear the legitimate procedure to information given the idea of theme to be taken up. At last taking a gander at the subject I chose to apply a basic pragmatist approach consolidating it with induction. Understanding existing hypothesis inferred that I have an away from of what establishes theory.As Kerlinger(1979) states, A hypothesis is resource of interrelated constructs(variables),definitions and suggestions that present a precise perspective on wonders by determining connections among factors to clarify normal marvels. This set me up for the inquiry of these factors and connections. I likewise depended on straightforward meaning of hypothesis by Black(1993) who expresses that a hypothesis is a ' clarification of how things capacity or why occasions happen'. At that point the results of the examination devoured my consideration at the following degree of concretising the scholarly perspective. It was clear that the given subject would be managable to look into through deductive plan gazing with existing hypotheses and testing such hypothesis with experimental optional information. A large portion of the hypotheses concentrated on were content explicit and considerable as the subject included a particular district which had a ttributes very one of a kind for stupendous or center level speculations to work with any impact. The whole procedure of scholarly improvement according to decision of subject and research strategies to receive, as point by point above included a tremendous measure of basic and intelligent reasoning. Indeed the idea of basic deduction must be comprehended in full before such a procedure of scholarly up degree was taken up. It shaped the establishment. Writing on basic and intelligent reasoning helped he process along.Starting as ahead of schedule as the1909, Dewy, the American logician, analyst and teacher we have an organized meaning of the expression basic reasoning. He compared basic speculation to 'intelligent reasoning' and characterized it as Dynamic, determined, and cautious thought of a conviction or assumed type of information in the light of the grounds which bolster it and the further ends to which it tends (Dewy, 1909, p.9). Building further on Dewey's thoughts, Glaser c haracterized basic speculation as: A mentality of being arranged to consider in a keen manner the issues

Butte

Butte Butte byo?ot [key], city (1990 pop. 33,336), seat of Silver Bow co., SW Mont.; inc. 1879. It is a trade, ranching, and industrial center. Mining dominated the city's life and economy from its establishment in 1862. Copper, as well as zinc, silver, manganese, gold, lead, molybdenum, and arsenic have been extracted from mines in the region; copper is still mined. First an 1860s gold-hunters' camp, then an 1870s silver center, Butte gained importance when copper was discovered (c.1880) and Marcus Daly with his Anaconda Copper Mining Company began to exploit the richest hill on earth. A huge open-pit mine, the Berkeley, opened in 1955; its expansion forced the relocation of one fifth of Butte's population. The Pit was abandoned in 1982 and has filled with contaminated water draining from surrounding mines. The city, now the largest Superfund site in the nation, has become, in effect, a laboratory for environmental resuscitation efforts, and a number of pollution-remediation com panies are based there. Montana Tech of the Univ. of the Montana is also in the city, and Butte is the headquarters of Deerlodge National Forest. Local attractions include museums of mining and minerals, Our Lady of the Rockies, and the Copper King Mansion, once the home of William A. Clark . The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright © 2012, Columbia University Press. All rights reserved. See more Encyclopedia articles on: U.S. Political Geography

Anaphora Examples

Anaphora Examples Anaphora Anaphora is a rhetorical term for when a writer or speaker repeats the same beginning of a sentence several times. Writers and speakers use anaphora to add emphasis to the repeated element, but also to add rhythm, cadence, and style to the text or speech. The use of anaphora dates back to ancient Greece and to Biblical times. Examples of Anaphora: 1. I am awake. I am strong. I am ready. 2. Mom, we will not run. We will not scream. We will not be late. Examples of Anaphora from Literature 1. "It was the best of times, it was the worst of times, it was the age of wisdom, it was the age of foolishness, it was the epoch of belief, it was the epoch of incredulity, it was the season of Light, it was the season of Darkness, it was the spring of hope, it was the winter of despair." Charles Dickens, A Tale of Two Cities 2. There is a time for everything,and a season for every activity under the heavens:a time to be born and a time to die,a time to plant and a time to uproot, a time to kill and a time to heal, a time to tear down and a time to build,a time to weep and a time to laugh,a time to mourn and a time to dance." Bible, Ecclesiastes 3 3. "It is too rash, too unadvised, too sudden, too like the lightning." Shakespeare, Romeo and Juliet 4. I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed: "We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal. I have a dream that one day on the red hills of Georgia, the sons of former slaves and the sons of former slave owners will be able to sit down together at the table of brotherhood.I have a dream that one day even the state of Mississippi, a state sweltering with the heat of injustice, sweltering with the heat of oppression, will be transformed into an oasis of freedom and justice. I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character. I have a dream today! 5. "Love is patient, love is kind. It does not envy, it does not boast, it is not proud. It does not dishonor others, it is not self-seeking, it is not easily angered, it keeps no record of wrongs. Love does not delight in evil but rejoices with the truth. It always protects, always trusts, always hopes, always perseveres. Love never fails." Bible, 1 Corinthians 13

Biography of Charles Lucky Luciano Essay - 1709 Words

Biography of Charles Lucky Luciano Almost everyone experiences a criminal career (Moffitt, 43). The onset begins during adolescence and involves a series of petty crimes. The amount of crimes committed during the criminal career at any given time is the rate at which the offender offends. What differentiates the â€Å"career criminal† from the person who had a â€Å"criminal career† is this; Whereas the latter by-and-large discontinues their crimes by the time they are in their mid-20s, those who are career criminals will persist with their offending at a high rate during their life course (Moffitt, 41). One theory put forth argues that the reason that people continue to commit crimes is that they have â€Å"neuropsychological defects† (Moffitt,†¦show more content†¦These crimes, however, were still considered petty and are not highly atypical for an adolescent boy. Despite these delinquent behaviors, Salvatore’s fate as a career criminal had not yet been sealed. At age sixteen Salvatore acquired a job at a hat factory. However, the benefits of acquiring â€Å"adult† social roles would not act as a means of desistence for Salvatore. The job would give Salvatore a modest living; one that provided a steady income of seven dollars a week. It was on a Friday on his way home from work that Salvatore’s life-course would take a turn for the worse; Not by bad luck but by a stroke of good luck. Salvatore gambled his seven-dollar weekly wage and wound up winning $244 in a game of alley craps. In turn Salvatore adopted the nickname â€Å"Lucky† and, instead of going to work the next day, Luciano would go to the alleys. A far cry from shoplifting and gambling, Lucky’s criminal career began to show a good deal of escalation by his mid teens. When an oppurtunity arose and it meant fiscal gains Lucky would take it. Up to this point all that had been available was petty crimes (e.g. theft and gambling), but drugs provided him the opportunity of a higher standard of living. The change of environment led to a dramatic shift in the crimes he would commit frequency at which he would commit them, and led to aShow MoreRelatedThe Death Of The Modern American Mafia1532 Words   |  7 PagesUnited States would be the cause of one of the most drastic changes in the workings of organized crime. Charles Luciano became the father of the modern American mafia. Charles Luciano lived the hard childhood experienced by the children of almost all immigrants. On November 24, 1897, Charles Luciano, christened Salvatore Lucania, was born in the village of Lercara Friddi in Sicily. As Luciano was growing up, his family scraped by, sometimes even going without food (Gosch, 1975). Every cent thatRead MoreLucky Luciano Gangster Characteristics1818 Words   |  8 PagesCharles â€Å"Lucky† Luciano Picture a person, someone with amazing leadership abilities, someone that has the potential to do virtuous things for the world. Now, I want you to picture this person wasting his/her talents by making unethical life decisions. Choices that caused harm to thousands of people. Now, imagine that the same person, and they actually think that what they do is ethical and that they didn’t waste their talent. Would that be frustrating? Charles â€Å"Lucky† Luciano was born in Sicily,Read MoreCrime Of Organized Crime And Criminal Structures1864 Words   |  8 Pagesthose ties that he had were trust was there. He had ties to many gangsters. In one point of the book there was so much trust that he was later promoted to be prime minister of a mafia. Costello has connections with for example, Lucky Luciano and Vito Genovese. In the biography on pg 114 â€Å"Then with Costello you had Michael Kennedy who was a congressman and who owed the east side leaders an obligation because they put him over and you had Bert Stand who was secretary of Tammany hall, and he had a brotherRead MoreCharles Luciano: An Italian Mobster Essay1333 Words   |  6 Pages Ever since I was a teenager, I partook in criminal activities. In the United States, I rose from a measly criminal, to a crime boss, eventually becoming the father of organized crime in the United States. My name is Charles â€Å"Lucky† Luciano, and this is my story. I was born in Lercara Friddi, Sicily to my parents Antonio and Rosalia Lucania. In Sicily, my father worked a job in the sulfur mines. However, a promise of a better life in America led my family to immigrate to the United States in 1907

Equiano s Depiction Of His African Brethren And Their Place

â€Å"Discuss Equiano s depictions of his African brethren and their place/role in society on both sides of the Atlantic. For example: What is life and slavery like in Africa? In America? How is life different for slaves and free black men in America (is one better or worse according to Equiano)?† Samuel Jeffcoat AMH2010-16Spring 0W59 February 26, 2016 Life for Equiano was an emotional roller coaster. He was overwhelmed by turmoil and rejoice as he was separated and reunited with his family, anguish from constant voyages from master to master, satisfied regardless of his particular situation with regard to slavery, and most importantly determined to elucidate society as to what life as a slave was like. Equiano’s experience on African soil was filled with pleasantries and hardships while his experiences on American soil was Equiano’s opportunity for religion and education. Slave owners in Africa were far more accustomed to African ways of life in contrast to the slave owners in America, and although his voyage on the middle passage into European territories left him culture shocked and disgusted with European treatment of slaves, eventually he adjusted to European customs and way of life in America. To start, the African slave owners better understood the adversities and agony the African natives had to overcome as we ll as their ways of life, thus treating them respectfully while the middle passage left him feeling violated and mistreated. The slave owners in

Les Demoiselles DAvignon - 5704 Words

Les Demoiselles dAvignon Les Demoiselles dAvignon (The Young Ladies of Avignon, and originally titled The Brothel of Avignon) is a large oil painting of 1907 by the Spanish artist Pablo Ruiz Picasso (1881–1973). The work portrays five nude female prostitutes from a brothel on Avinyà ³ Street in Barcelona. Each figure is depicted in a disconcerting confrontational manner and none are conventionally feminine. The women appear as slightly menacing and rendered with angular and disjointed body shapes. Two are shown with African mask-like faces and three more with faces in the Iberian style of Picassos native Spain, giving them a savage aura. In this adaptation of Primitivism and abandonment of perspective in favor of a flat, two-dimensional†¦show more content†¦While he already had a considerable following by the middle of 1906, Picasso enjoyed further success with his paintings of massive over-sized nude women, monumental sculptural figures that recalled the work of Paul Gauguin and showed his interest in primitive (African, Micronesian, Native American) art. He began exhibiting his work in the galleries of Berthe Weill (1865–1951) and Ambroise Vollard, (1866–1939) quickly gaining a growing reputation and a following amongst the artistic community of Montparnasse. Picasso became a favorite of the American art collectors Leo Stein (1872–1947), and his sister Gertrude Stein (1876–1946), around 1905. The Steins older brother Michael and his wife Sarah also became collectors of his work. Picasso painted portraits of both Gertrude Stein and her nephew Allan Stein.] Gertrude Stein began acquiring Picassos drawings and paintings and exhibiting them in her informal Salon at her home in Paris. At one of her gatherings in 1905 he met Henri Matisse (1869–1954), who was to become in those days his chief rival, although in later years a close friend. The Steins introduced Picasso to Claribel Cone (1864–1929), and her sister Etta Cone (1870–1949), also American art collectors, who began to acquire Picasso and MatissesShow MoreRelatedLes Demoiselles D Avignon Vs The Starry Night970 Words   |  4 PagesLes Demoiselles d’Avignon VS The Starry Night Case Study 1: The Starry Night by Vincent Van Gogh is one of his most known artworks, it portrays his uniqueness from other artists during his time, and it shows the viewer into some of his deepest emotions. Van Gogh had suffered personal turmoil that reached a high in December of 1888, where he then had a brief stay at an Arles hospital (Sayre 53). Within a few months van Gogh had been committed to a mental hospital, which is where he painted The StarryRead MoreMatisse s Bonheur De Vivre ( Joy Of Life ) And Picasso s Les Demoiselles D Avignon1123 Words   |  5 Pages The purpose of this paper is to discuss Matisse’s Bonheur de Vivre (Joy of Life) and Picasso’s Les Demoiselles d’Avignon. This paper will also discuss how both works of art can be simultaneously seen as (1) inspired by, and (2) breaking free of Paul Cà ©zanne’s work The Large Bathers. This discussion will also make note of specific visual references. Matisse (Courtesy of https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/b/b9/Bonheur_Matisse.jpg). Bonheur de Vivre (1905-1906) is considered to be aRead MoreBiography Of Pablo Picasso s Les Demoiselles D Avignon954 Words   |  4 PagesPablo Picasso’s Les Demoiselles D’Avignon is considered by many to be a revolutionary breakthrough in the history of modern art. Demoiselles is a â€Å"great manifesto of modernist painting† as Picasso had abandoned all known form of traditional art, a radical break from the Western tradition that very much led to the Cubism movement (Bishop, 2002). What made Demoiselles revolutionary was that in it Picasso broke away from the two central characteristics of European painting since the Renaissance: theRead MoreThe Era Of World War I Essay1256 Words   |  6 Pagesalso used other materials to their representation, it has been argued that the use of newspaper was a clever hint that the cubist were additionally intensely mindful of current occasions, especially WWI and they brought the impact in art Les Demoiselles d’Avignon is considered to be one of the oddest paintings in the history of Western art. It’s Picasso’s partial thought on the nature of painting itself. This work delivers an informative sight into the artistic development involved in all avant-gardeRead MoreAnalysis Of Paul Cezannes The Large Bathers843 Words   |  4 Pagesnineteenth century. Cà ©zanne’s great achievement  forced the young Picasso, Matisse, and many other artists to contend with the implications of Cà ©zanne’s  art. This essay will discuss how both Matisse’s Bonheur de Vivre (Joy of Life) and Picasso’s Les Demoiselles d’Avignon  are considered as inspired by and breaking free of The Large Bathers. Paul Cezanne’s painting â€Å"The Large Bathers† was his last and arguably his greatest work. Cezanne labored on this painting for seven years. The subject is a group of womenRead MoreA Comparison Of Paul Cà ©zanne And The Large Bathers1001 Words   |  5 PagesMatisse’s Bonheur de Vivre (Joy of Life) and Picasso’s Les Demoiselles d’Avignon, the two different paintings that are simultaneously seen as inspired by and breaking free of Paul Cà ©zanne’s, The Large Bathers. Let’s see more in details why it can be. The Large Bathers The Large Bathers is a painting by the French painter Paul Cà ©zanne. It is made in oil on canvas. It measures 210.5 cm tall and 250.8 cm long. It was painted in 1906. It is located at the Museum of Art in Philadelphia, United StatesRead MorePablo Picasso- A Biography Essay1230 Words   |  5 Pageshis emotions take control throughout his paintings and other works of art. Pablo Picasso works of art include not only paintings but also prints, bronze sculptures, drawings, and ceramics. Picasso was one of the inventors of cubism. † Les Demoiselles dAvignon† is one of Picasso famous paintings; this is also one of Pablo’s first pieces of cubism. Picasso went through different phases in his paintings; the blue period, rose period, black period, and cubism. Picasso was a born talented artist,Read MoreAnalysis Of Les Demoiselles D Avignon1432 Words   |  6 PagesMoreover, another interpretation of this sexually graphic painting, Les Demoiselles D’avignon, could be linked to Picasso’s sexuality and the type of women he preferred. It is said that he preferred submissive women that were not taller than him. While the height of the women in the painting is not clear, there is an element of submissiveness in the painting. Evidently, either physically or through Picasso’s imagination, they are posing in the manner he wanted them to pose. In addition, the paintingRead MorePablo Picasso in Life and Art: A Biography1925 Words   |  8 Pagespink, and orange shades (Voorhies 2004). However, it was Picassos fascination with pre-Roman Iberian sculpture and African and Oceanic art that moved him to make his first great transition into a new style of painting, in the form of Les Demoiselles dAvignon (1907) (Voorhies 2004). The painting was considered shocking at the time because it depicted prostitutes although other famous paintings like Manets Olympia had also used fallen women as the subject of great art. Picasso plays with theRead MorePablo Picasso Essay784 Words   |  4 Pagesgeometric shapes and multiple perspectives. To the huge influence† that Picasso had upon artistic abstract cartons artwork in his art work. Among his most famous works are the proto-Cubist Les Demoiselles dAvignon (1907), and Guernica (1937 At the beginning of 1907, Picasso began a painting, Les Demoiselles dAvignon (The Young Women of Avignon) that would become arguably the most important of the century. In some of the preliminary sketches there was a man with a skull, probably a medical student

The And Losing Weight Of The Heart Disease - 1273 Words

Introduction: â€Å"A way to a man’s heart is through his stomach† it is not always about the quantity, but the quality of the love that is devoted. Moreover, making extraordinary meals and dining with your loved ones, while having a romantic dinner, enhances the value for each other even more. Frankly, Candle light dinners, as well as other romantic eating endeavors attract love and romance. One can make life delicious by bringing in taste and romance altogether. Surprisingly, eating food in a larger quantity is a luxury for some and a dream for others. However, romancing, while losing weight together--by sticking to healthy diet--is the main purpose of this passion resonated recipe cookbook. Romancing and losing weight together by having healthy meal is not a problem, but the problem lies in losing it without affecting your health which mostly happens. Therefore, we have introduced you to this book, which is a sign of sunshine for many. Studies showed that the heart disease factor was greatly seen to reduce in people with low carbohydrate diet plans in their lives. Low carbohydrate diet produces significant weight loss results without any signs of weakness or fatigue, which a normal person who strives to lose weight experience. Low carbohydrate diet gives you a hope for weight loss. There are many advantages that people who are on low carbohydrate diet undergo, for instance, with low carbohydrate content in the body, the blood pressure reduces, goodShow MoreRelatedLipids Lab Report1085 Words   |  5 Pageslike to share them with you. Test Result Triglycerides 145 mg/dL Cholesterol 210 mg/dL HDL 33 mg/dL LDL 160 mg/dL Triglycerides is the fat found in the blood and is used for energy. Having high levels of triglycerides can increase the risk for heart disease and could be a sign of metabolic syndrome (combination of high blood pressure, high blood sugar, low HDL, and high triglycerides). High levels will also increase the risk for stroke and diabetes. The normal range for triglycerides is below 150Read MoreHow Diets Affects Your Life997 Words   |  4 Pageshabits of many americans mainly because they are fighting diseases that run in the family, or even personal goals to beat obesity and look and feel healthy. I myself am on a diet that I turned into a lifestyle for me, because I was extremely obese, to the point where my doctor predicted my death from a heart attack in the next ten years. A well adjusted healthy diet can impact your life with aiding you to lose weight or gain clean weight, it is necessary to keep you healthy and to make sure you liveRead MoreWhy Weight Is The Top Popular Topic People1591 Words   |  7 Pages Wrong way to lose weight Losing weight is the top popular topic people are talking about today. Most women work their entire life to lose weight. But are they working the right way? Mostly, people may want to lose weight because of obesity. The negative effect obesity cause can affect people’s health. People who are obese are at increased risk for developing many different health conditions including heart disease, type 2 diabetes, bone, and joint disease. (The Wrong Way to Dietï ¼â€°WorldwideRead MoreDyig to Be Thin1453 Words   |  6 Pagesregarding ideal body weight?  Ã‚   What other attitudes exist about weight? When watching the video, I realized that anorexics don’t want to eat. They don’t feel hungry; they don’t think that they are destroying themselves. When they look at themselves, they see themselves as fat and overweight. To try and fit the image of what they think they should look like becomes an obsession. This eventually leads the large percentages of weight loss. Most anorexics, it seems, ideal body weight was 15 to 20 percentRead MoreLosing Weight Expository Essay1558 Words   |  7 PagesLosing Weight COM/150 Effective Essay Writing (AXIA) Struggling with the issues of weight loss and living a healthier lifestyle. Losing weight could be a short term goal, but the main idea is to eat and maintain a healthier lifestyle. Many Americans struggle with difficulties of weight loss, not only losing the weight but keeping it off. Different methods are used for losing weight, such as, exercise, various types of dieting and some medically needed procedures. Even though weight loss isRead MoreMerriam Webster Defines Obesity Is A Condition Characterized1490 Words   |  6 Pagesmedical condition that needs treatment.† In the United States obesity, has become a major health epidemic. People are gaining weight in mass, and are also being diagnosed with diabetes, heart disease and, cancer, every day. Changing the problem has become an issue, and what can be incorporated to help slow down, or fix the issue has become the problem. Defining Obesity as a disease will discourage people from healthy eating, drinking water, and exercising. Secondly it could affect people’s mentality byRead MoreHealthy Vs. Dangerous Weight Loss Methods870 Words   |  4 PagesHealthy vs. Dangerous Weight Loss Methods Millions of individuals struggle with their weight and continue to search for swift solutions. Weight loss programs stand as a major money maker in America, and yet, a bulk of the population still battle with obesity. Sadly, weight loss is difficult to achieve and countless people would rather not put in the hard work and dedication it requires. An abundance of individuals also desire effortless and effective ways to drop the extra pounds whether their techniquesRead MoreFinding the Solution to the Obesity Problem1197 Words   |  5 PagesCrunch, Crunch, Crunch is what a person hears when people eat junk and other unhealthy foods. Every day, people are struggling with their weight which, as a result, can lead up to a serious disease. Diseases such as diabetes, heart attacks, heart failures, and strokes can lead to death if people in America do not watch their weight. Obesity these days has spread over the years and more and more people seemed to be affected by it. A study shows that in 2009, 61% of American adults are obese whileRead MoreEssay about Health Benefits of the South Beach Diet823 Words   |  4 PagesHealth Benefits of the South Beach Diet By promoting only healthy foods and in limited amounts, the South Beach diet proves to be an effective and safe path to weight loss. South Beach permits foods which are high in fiber and low in saturated fat such as whole grain rice, salmon and nuts. The diet does not exclude any particular class of food, fats or carbohydrates for example, but insists that foods high in cholesterol, such as bacon, be avoided. Yet, this is not the only restriction ofRead MoreEssay on Low Carbohydrate Versus Low Fat Diets1098 Words   |  5 PagesTwo studies in the New England Journal of Medicine provide evidence that in the short term, a low-carbohydrate diet helped people lose weight without any adverse effects. In the last decade, several leading nutritional scientists have taken the side effects into consideration. They have begun to think that the low carb diet may be partly right about losing weight, and scientists are now finally studying whether low-fat diets really work. However, many people still question the low-carbohydrate diets

My Criminal Behavior Survey Free Essays

1. If research were to significantly indicate that the tendency to commit crime is inherited, what should be done about or for the children of violent criminals? If research were to indicate the tendency to commit crime is inherited it would change our government significantly. A huge upheaval regarding rights of the citizens would take place. We will write a custom essay sample on My Criminal Behavior Survey or any similar topic only for you Order Now In foreign countries (population control) would be the only answer to control tendency from literally controlling the population. Children of violent criminals should be placed with family members whenever possible. Children may also need some type of therapy. Programs should be set up to monitor these children. Over the past century it has been cropped that the debate of nature verses nurture is an issue. 2. What programs should society implement and why? Programs should be implemented for our children’s needs. Children may need help from psychiatry and a social worker to help them with their problems. Our children’s needs should be kept in mind at all times to teach them good things in life. Children should be educated on how to live a better life, a crime free life. Programs to promote sports and self-confidence for children teach them how to have a better life. Our children deserve a good life. 3. What would be the social, policy, and ethical implications? Social and policy implications would be the guidelines, activities and principles that affect the living conditions of human welfare. They deal with the social issues within the public. Ethical implications would be the mortality that is implied by social issues and the policies. The ethical implications may be that children may follow in their parent’s footsteps. References www. google. com www. chacha. com www. weegy. com How to cite My Criminal Behavior Survey, Essay examples

Functions of Education free essay sample

The sociologist Robert Merton proposed that social institutions such as education in schools have functions that are both Manifest and Latent. Merton defined Manifest functions as those objective consequences for a specified unit (person, subgroup, social or cultural system) which contribute to its adjustment or adaptation and were so intended (Merton, 1968). While, Latent functions as unrecognized and unintended functions (Sociology Guide, 2014). The proceeding write-up will discuss the manifest functions of education and how a Zambian teacher can facilitate their achievement. The Manifest functions of education being recognized and intended for involve the transmission of knowledge to students in order to help them contribute back to society, either as knowledge producers themselves (i. e. , scientists) or in other ways, like in business or industry (Hillegass, 2013). These functions can generally be grouped into six i. e. Socialization, Social control, Social placement, Culture transmission/reproduction, promoting social and political integration and as an agent of change (Javier et al, 2002). We will write a custom essay sample on Functions of Education or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In modern societies, education is the most important agent of socialization after the family. Schools are the first impersonal and collective environment that children encounter. Whereas schools official function is the transmission of knowledge, they also promote certain values- like honesty, perseverance, respect and punctuality and norms such as not cheating on tests or being punctual or not arguing unnecessarily with teachers. Children also learn to deal with authority figures other than their parents and with peers. Also for the first time schools introduce students to impersonal assessment of their abilities through grades and official records that will follow the students throughout their educational career (Ayushi, 2011). Teachers are one of the most influential people regarding the philosophy and lessons of socialization. The teacher has a very important role in the facilitation of socialization in a child’s life (Mercer, 2000). By teaching and modeling socialization to children, Zambian teachers can help their children to learn the meaning of kindness and generosity. The students will then be able to eventually go out into society and contribute in a positive, meaningful and productive way. Teachers, in a sense are a child’s provider outside of the child’s home. With regards to Social-Control, Schools are responsible for socializing the young into patterns of conformity. Students learn punctuality, discipline, obedience, and responsible work habits. These skills are necessary to function in other areas of society, such as the world of work. Teachers, administrators, and parents often rely on the rules and regulations of schools in order to maintain order (Hoffarth, 2012). The teacher therefore must take onus to ensure that their students are well disciplined and that they develop self-control because self-control is the starting point for effective social control. Self-control by definition maybe considered as, willpower, self-discipline, or conscientiousness. When self-regulation works well, it enables people to alter their behavior so as to conform to rules, plans, promises, ideals, and other standards. When it fails, any one of a broad range of human problems and misfortunes can arise. Self-regulation is thus a key to success in human life and, when it falls short, a contributing cause that helps explain many forms of human suffering (Baumeister, Schmeichel, Vohs, 2006). In this regard, the Zambian teachers’ role would be to Create an environment where self-control is consistently rewarded, instill the right mindset for tackling challenges and learning from failure, encourage kids to practice planning. Education also serves as an agent in transmitting Culture. As an educational institution, schools perform conservable function in order to transmit the dominant culture. In going to school, the young generation is exposed to the belief, norms and values that had long been exist on a particular culture. Pierre Bourdieu a French sociologist, on culture added that the major role of the education system is cultural reproduction. He added that such groups were able to define their own culture as worthy of being sought and possessed and to establish it as the basis for knowledge in the education system. (Bryant, 2013). A societys culture can survive far longer than the lifespan of any of its members, because its educational system passes down the folkways and knowledge of one generation to subsequent generations. A culture changes over time, but has a recognizable continuity of basic values and behavioral patterns that distinguishes it from other cultures. That continuity is provided by the educational system (Conklin, 2002). Schools are more than institutions where teachers impart skills and lessons; they are places where teachers transmit cultural knowledge, says sociologist Prudence L. Carter. Education is as much about being inculcated with the ways of the culture of power as it is about learning to read, count, and think critically (2005, p. 47) thus the notion of transmitting culture as a function of education is further supported. Education also serves as an agent of change. Educational institution promotes social change, serving as meeting ground where the society’s distinctive belief as well as tradition is shared; thus, education stimulates and bring about desired social change in society. The teachers role here is to Education also serves as an agent of Social placement. Another benefit that functionalists see in education is sorting—separating students on the basis of merit. Societys needs demand that the most capable people get channeled into the most important occupations. Schools identify the most capable students early. This is referred to as social placement. Conferring of status is one of the most important functions of education. The amount of education one has is correlated with his class position. Education is related to ones position in the stratification structure in two ways. (1) An evaluation of ones status is partially decided by what kind of education one has received and (2) Many of the other important criteria of class position such as occupation, income and style of life are partially the result of the type and amount of education one has had (Kumar, 2012). Teachers here in Zambia understand this and some have applied it in such instances where they put students who perform well in groups to encourage the others to want to be a part of that group. Furthermore, Education is also known to Promote Social and Political Integration. Schools function to assimilate people from diverse backgrounds. The common identity and social integration fostered by education contributes to social stability (Hoffarth, 2012). Teachers can contribute to achieving this function by teaching their students individualism, competition, and patriotism. Change innovation – schools are a place for one to grow and learn new programs and ideas that would ultimately assist in the growth of society. In conclusion, as trained, professionals, teachers have a mandate to pass on knowledge and skills to children and adults alike. Similar to religious leaders, teachers must promote social cohesion and integration by molding a diverse population into one through the use of mandatory education laws. Finally, it is a teacher’s role to also teach values such as compliance, regulation, and respect for authority if they are to contribute meaningfully o achieving Manifest functions of education and thereby produce students who can contribute meaningfully in society.

Literature Review Evaluation Part of the Studies

Question: Undertake a Literature Review on the dimensions and antecedents of organisational citizenship behaviour (OCB). The review is to focus solely on refereed academic publications? Answer: Introduction The report which is on the basis of the evaluation part of the studies is mainly on the basis on the literature part of the selected area. In this review it describes, evaluate, summarize and also clarify the literature. The literature review maintains some of the basic gathering which remains constant is listed below: Offer a brief context which is more related to the research. Provide the brief justification of the research. Proper illustration of the subject which are studied on the previous basis. In this particular study, researcher use some of the selected journal which are already published to give the proper support on the basis of the topic of the research and also conduct the analysis on the detailed manner. Contextual and the direct effects of the individual values on the organizational citizenship behavior of the team Organizational citizenship behaviors are actually some of the actions on the basis of the discretionary and not recognized by some of the reward systems which aggregately improve all the functioning of the organization. It is mainly similar to some of the contextual performance which enhance in both the psychological and the social context on the basis of which the performance of the task occurs. Some of the examples which are related to OCBs include taking the extra activities which are not the technical part of the job, tolerate some of the minor nuisance without any of the complaint and also includes becoming helpful to the other colleagues. Even though OCBs are not enforced on the general basis it includes the part of the some ones official duties and also nonetheless critical on the basis of the organizational success. Researcher then directed some of the considerable effort in doing the proper determination of the behavior of the precursors of the citizenship; it also helps in doing the better understand so that it can forward the expression which is on the basis of the work place (Khan, 2014). It also does the proper utilization of the Schwartzs values theory which is used as an integrative structure of the framework which helps in testing the relationship between the organizational citizenship behavior and also the individual behavior of the team, control of the sex, personality traits and also the satisfaction (Parshikova et al., 2014). With the help of hierarchical linear modeling in the sample of some 582 students among the 135 project teams, it is found positive, cause some of the direct effects in the achievements of the citizenship behaviors. The HLM method with some of the random variable used to test the direct effect of the hypotheses. In this technique it allows to do the examination of the individual predictor level variables in taking account of the group level variation on the basis of the dependent level variable. It also conduct some of the sequence of ANOVAs on the basis of OCB dimensions which are used to do the proper examination of the HLM precondition which are more significant. According to ((Lemmon and Wayne, 2014)), interaction terms of team mean are also preferred process for doing the testing effects of the rational similarity. Team mean value is calculated from the scores of the individual level value. By concluding this journal(Arthaud-Day, M., Rode, J., Turnley. W., (2012), it utilized the Schwartzs theory on the basis of the human values which integrate the previous studies of the value-OCB relationship, it also propose the hypotheses on the basis motivational areas of the Schw3artzs theory. At first it is needed to select the sample of some of the 582 students which are distributed among the 135 project teams, the sample size is larger which permit the inclusion of the multiple control variation. In the second part, the peer rating of the OCB is utilized by the team members, by collecting the all OCB data of the several weeks after completing the individual values, survey on the attitudinal basis and also on the basis of personality traits. In the third part, by doing the proper utilization of the HLM technique, it becomes very possible to examine the causing effects of the value similarities among the individual and also the teammates. In this research it clearly indicates tha t the individual value causes an effect on the OCB above and also established some of the predictors including the personal traits and also the satisfaction. Job satisfaction and the organizational citezenship behavior In this journal, it is mainly evaluated the job satisfaction and the organizational citizenship behavior on the basis of any learning institution of Malaysia (Jehad Mohammad* , Farzana Quoquab Habib and Mohmad Adnan Alias, July 2011). The researcher of this journal tells about the two dimensions of the citizenship behavior of the organization and also examines how the organizational citizenship behaviors are related to the two features of the job satisfaction. In this paper first the orientation on the theoretical basis is introduced and in next it includes some of the relevant literature discussions on the basis of the theoretical framework, in the third the selected methodology and also the findings are also analyzed in the third or last it tells about the conclusions, discussions and also the future impacts are discussed (Arthaud-Day, Rode and Turnley, 2012). Both the job satisfaction and the OCB are positively related to each other. (Ludwig and Frazier, 2012) found a relationship which is strong and also positive between the job satisfaction and also the OCB. The most built strongest and the consistent relationships on the basis of supervision and the framework. In doing the proper analysis of the job satisfaction it used the quantitative method analysis in which the researcher distributes some of the 100 questionnaires among all the staffs of the institution. Some of the 40 questionnaires were circulated amongst the library staff and the last 60 questionnaires are distributed among the faculty members. Amongst the entire questionnaire the numbers of 79 questionnaires can be utilized. In the questionnaire it includes the three parts Demographic behavior of the respondents, Measurement of the values of OCBI and OCBO, Measurement of the values which are used in the job satisfaction. In this study all the subset scales by the high internal consistency (Cha and Shin, 2014). On the other hand, the researcher of this particular study does not understand the dimension process regarding the job satisfaction of the Organizational Citizenship Behavior. The inhabitants of this particular study provide some of the bias information so that it can save the job of the respected organization (Mohammed and Alipour, 2014). Apart from this, their working condition by concerning this study was very poor in nature which does not make able to gather some of the inappropriate information regarding this study. The possible result of this study points out that both the extrinsic and the intrinsic job satisfactions are positively related to the OCBO except the OCBI. The result concluded that both the intrinsic and the extrinsic features of the job satisfaction are important variables in doing the prediction of the citizenship behavior. But the priority needs to be given both the extrinsic and the intrinsic variables so that it can encourage and also bring the willingness to achieve some of the organizational goals (Castaneda and Scanlan, 2014). For doing some of the future work on the basis of this study, the researcher needs to engage more number of the staffs by utilizing the proper process and also the norms so that it can easily motivate the staff with the availability of the right information which will become more effective and also successful in conducting the study (Pfeffer and DeVoe, 2012). Individual behavior, personality and the values As stated in this journal (Steven L. McShane and Mary Ann Von Glinow, , 2015 by McGraw-Hill Education), it first introduce some of the learning objectives which includes the four factors which can directly influence the performance and the behavior of the individual, it also does the summarization of the different types of the individual behavior of the organization. It also discusses the three types of the ethical principles which can manipulate the ethical behavior. It also gives the discussion of the personality and also describes the personality dimensions which relate the behavior of the individual of the organization. This journal mainly summarizes all the learning objectives of the individual behavior, personality traits and the values. In this journal it also includes some of the critical based questions which do the proper analysis of the mentioned topics. The questionnaire on the basis of these mentioned topics are circulated among some of the employees of the organization which mainly on the basis of the motivation, personality traits etc. then the responses are analyzed on the basis of the some selective scales consisting of the following dimensions which includes: consistency, emotional stability, extraversion, agreeableness and also the openness to the experience (Ludwig, 2012). Researcher introduced some of the factors on the basis of this study is constructed and also introduced some of the hypothesis on the basis of this the collected data and the information are generated and also analyzed. To do the proper analysis, the researcher introduced the quantitative analysis of the technique to do the proper analysis and also becomes suitable to generate the suitable research report of the study (Ludwig and Frazier, 2012). For doing the future analysis, the researcher needs to collect more information on the basis of the individual behavior and the personal traits so that it becomes easier to conduct the analysis by using some of the appropriate tools. It also allows the researcher in doing the proper identification and also the differentiation of the individual personal traits, values and the behavior. Conclusion By concluding the above study it summarizes that both the intrinsic and the extrinsic factors are the two main dimensions for conducting the study related to the organizational citizenship behavior. However, it also found that the appropriate analysis of the organizational citizenship behavior and the job satisfaction are some of the major things in doing the development of the business and also needs to maintain the concern responsibilities and the duties in developing the objectives and the goals of the organization. References Arthaud-Day, M., Rode, J., Turnley. W., (2012), Direct and Contextual Effects of Individual Values on Organizational Citizenship Behavior in Teams: journal of Running Head: VALUES AND OCB, volume. pp-97(4), 792-807. Jehad Mohammad* , Farzana Quoquab Habib and Mohmad Adnan Alias., Asian Academy of Management Journal, Vol. 16, No. 2, 149165, July 2011. Steven L. McShane and Mary Ann Von Glinow., the University of Western Australia, Chapter 2: Individual Behavior, Personality, and Values, 2015 by McGraw-Hill Education. Arthaud-Day, M., Rode, J. and Turnley, W. (2012). Direct and contextual effects of individual values on organizational citizenship behavior in teams. Journal of Applied Psychology, 97(4), pp.792-807. Castaneda, G. and Scanlan, J. (2014). Job Satisfaction in Nursing: A Concept Analysis. Nurs Forum, 49(2), pp.130-138. Cha, S. and Shin, Y. (2014). Job Stress and Job Satisfaction of Estimators in Korean Construction Company. AMM, 501-504, pp.2646-2649. Khan, T. (2014). Job Satisfaction and Job Performance, A Study on Colleges of Saudi Arabia. Journal of Scientific Research and Reports, 3(23), pp.2972-2981. Lemmon, G. and Wayne, S. (2014). Underlying Motives of Organizational Citizenship Behavior: Comparing Egoistic and Altruistic Motivations. Journal of Leadership Organizational Studies. Ludwig, T. (2012). Ramona Houmanfar to Be Next Editor of the Journal of Organizational Behavior Management. Journal of Organizational Behavior Management, 32(4), pp.271-273. Ludwig, T. and Frazier, C. (2012). Employee Engagement and Organizational Behavior Management. Journal of Organizational Behavior Management, 32(1), pp.75-82. Ludwig, T. and Frazier, C. (2012). Employee Engagement and Organizational Behavior Management. Journal of Organizational Behavior Management, 32(1), pp.75-82. Mohammed, S. and Alipour, K. (2014). It's Time for Temporal Leadership: Individual, Dyadic, Team, and Organizational Effects. Ind Organ Psychol, 7(2), pp.178-182. Parshikova, O., Chertkova, Y., Alekseeva, O. and Kozlova, I. (2014). Assortative mating: Personality and values. Personality and Individual Differences, 60, p.S51. Pfeffer, J. and DeVoe, S. (2012). The economic evaluation of time: Organizational causes and individual consequences. Research in Organizational Behavior, 32, pp.47-62.

The North And South . Many People Think Of The Essays -

The North and South . Many People think of the Civil wars as just another war. Where somebody was trying to settle some kind of argument . Well it was not, it was to free men and it proves that no matter what we are all-equal in some way or another. Many people to date still question the power of slavery towards the black race. Many in fact still hold that thought of being owned but know one deserves to be treated that way. The North and the south. Who was considered good and who was ignorant? The North . The North was known as the Union against slavery . The North was was known as the rebels. Abraham Lincoln was the President for the Northern states (Union). Lincoln came up with some thing of his own power , his Inaugural address. The Contents were "Apprehension seems to exist among the people of the Southern States , that by the accession of A Republican Administration, their property, and their peace, and their personal security, are to be endangered. There is no reasonable cause for such apprehension." ( Civil War Years pg.34 Lincoln's Inaugural address) The South. Their the ones who made the Confederacy and who wanted to continue to run slavery as far into the ground as possible. Many believe in the words of all who say "Ignorance is bliss, so come knock the smile off my face" (Zack De Loroacha Rage Against The Machine.") Those are the much anticipated Words of hate from which one person thinks when they hear Civil war. That is pretty bad when still to date the practices of wrong are still brought up in the 1990's society. To get back on track with topic the South stood as the Yankees. ( Civil War Years pg.100) Jefferson Davis of Mississippi became the President of the Confederate States of America. Jefferson had served the Mexican wars.(Civil War ,pg30). War comes. In the last days of 1860 the majority of the people of the North refused to believe that the Union was headed for complete dissolution.(Correspondents of war, pg28). With in the first Month of the new year 1861 many Southern States followed the lead of South Carolina. Mississippi naturally by supreme ordinance of secession declared its self out of the Union on 1-9- 1861. Florida along with the following and proceeding in the order by date from the ninth of January was Louisiana, Georgia, and Texas all broke from the Union. (Civil War pg29) These states along with others not mentioned formed the Confederate States of America. On February 9, 1861 the well now known Confederate Congress choose Jefferson Davis as the new President for the Confederacy as mentioned earlier in the report. (Civil Correspondents) The Northern Generals. Lieutenant General Windfield Scott was a long time veteran of the war of 1812 and he was also a hero of the Mexican war, at this of the war Windfield was 75 years old. Next is General Irvin McDowell who's forces behind him consisted of 36,000 men with the reserve of 10,000. The Generals first battle at Bull Run was a run of bad Luck. Major General McClellan born eighteen-twenty Six (1826) and died in eighteen-eighty-five (1885). In July eighteen-sixty-one (1861) he had Command of the Army of the Potomac, and later that year was given the Supreme command. His hesitation in taking on the Offensive and his failure to take Richmond lead to his dismissal. McClellan was reinstated and failed to follow his success at the Battle of Antietam and was dismissed again in eighteen-sixty-two (1862). In eighteen-sixty- four (1864) he ran for Presidency against Abraham Lincoln and was unsuccessful. (Webster's International Encyclopedia ,pg.689). The Southern General's. General Thomas Jonathan Jackson better known as "Stonewall Jackson". General Jackson was born eighteen-twenty-four (1824) and died Eighteen-sixty-three (1863). He was an Confederate general in the American Civil War. He earned his nickname for his stand against the Union forces at the first battle of Bull Run in eighteen-sixty-one (1861). In May-June 1862 in the Shenandoah Valley campaign he fought brilliantly at the battles of Richmond, the Seven Days Battle, Cedar Mountain, the second battle of Bull Run, Antietam, and Fredericksburg. General Stonewall was fatally wounded at Chancellorsville from an accidental fire from his own troops. (Webster's International Encyclopedia, pg.563). Fourth ranking Officer Joseph Eggleston Johnston was born in Eighteen-seven (1807) and died in Eighteen-ninety-one (1891). He was considered the Confederate

O - Stress And Strain At Work Example

I/O I/O Fried Green Tomatoes: Stress and Coping The movie â€Å"Fried Green Tomatoes† tells the story of friendship between two sets of women. Ruth and Idgie’s relationship are full of dressing episodes while the friendship that existed between Ninny and Evelyn is health and encouraging. The four women are the main characters in the story, its core theme being the murder of Frank, Ruth’s abusive spouse. In the movie, several characters experience stress as a result of different stressors. Evelyn is stressed by the marriage. Idgie is stressed by the death of her brother, and Ruth is subjected to a lot of suffering by her abusive husband. The three cases are closely related to what we have studied in class. The stressors in all the three cases are social in nature. In Idgie’s case, the stressor is also the change that came with his brother’s death. Each of the three characters deal mentioned above deal with emotional strain as a result of their different expe riences. Ruth is emotionally strained as she attempts to cope with her abusive husband. Idgie is strained emotionally due to the death of her brother. The characters attempt to cope with their stresses and strains in various ways. Idgie, for example becomes reserved and withdraws from formal interaction even with her close relations. In this respect, her coping method was ineffective as it did not lead her toward overcoming her stress. It is important for characters to better cope with their stresses or stressors especially if it is not possible to ultimately do away with them. In some cases, people may make irrational choices in trying to deal with stressors. Learning to cope positively with the stressors helps avoid certain ills. In Idgie’s case, there was no way of restoring his brother’s life. This means that she was better placed in copying positively with her loss. By engaging Idgie in a healthy friendship, Ninny managed to help her cope with her situation. In th is respect, Ninny offered her social support which is an effective intervention when dealing with stress. ReferencesAvnet J. (1991) Fried Green Tomatoes. Fannie Flagg and Carol Sobieski. Movie.

Selection methods in recruitment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Selection methods in recruitment - Essay Example This essay discusses that the selection of personnel and assessment activities are some of the integral parts of organizational existence. The economic climate and global business environment have witnessed a dynamic increase in the rates of staff turnovers and the consequent reorganization of organizational structures along with the eradication of the traditional concept of ‘job for life’. Consequently there has been an increase in pressure to fill up the vacant positions in the organization with the most appropriately skilled personnel. Additionally the quality of human resources recruited in organizations and their fitness with the structures and processes in the organization also account for the competitive strength of these organizations. The decisions about selecting a candidate and classifying applicants according to the predictions about their work behaviours in future are becoming increasingly critical. There are ample methods and procedures before a company for selecting candidates or making promotion decisions about their employees. Different kinds of assessment techniques are also at their disposal. However, these techniques are commonly seen to fail in the long run. It is seen that there is either a mismatch of skills, or work behaviours different from that expected or even an increase in the staff turnover, depicting a failure of the selection or assessments methods employed for recruiting them. Extensive research has been conducted to trace the reasons for such failures and the ways to eliminate them. However, it is seen that despite the low accuracy of such selection techniques in predicting job performance firms continue to employ them and they remain widely used in today’s organizational scenario. The present assignment seeks to bring forth the reasons why they continue to be popular modes of selection in organizations despite their high failures. It also presents an evaluation of the other selection methods used in organiz ations. Selection Methods in Recruitment The common modes of section in organizations are interviews, bio data, structured interviews, psychological tests, assessments centres etc. Along with skill testing to analyse the fitness of a personal in a particular job, personality tests are also conducted for evaluating heir behavioural fit into the culture of the organization. With the advent of technology and the wide use of the internet, organizations have been increasing undertaking online tests for evaluation of candidates. Interviews are the most common practice of validating tools and skills of candidates to examine how relevant they are and how well they can predict the subsequent performance of the candidate in the organization. Even though the job relatedness of the conventional selection techniques does not follow any particular pattern and are considered to be low they are widely used in organizations despite the fact they are considerably unreliable, subjective and invalid. W hile the necessity of interviews in some form or the other is accepted in organizations, there emerge questions over its validity and reliability when a firm relies on it completely. One explanation which had been forwarded by researchers is that different interviewers assess candidates different and such irrelevant aspects such as race, sex, appearance, age are given prominence which introduces biasness in the way interviewer evaluate the candidate. Structured interviews conventionally include questions which are developed though a form of job analysis which consequently limits the subjectivity of the assessment. Conducted through standardised procedures structured interviews brings a direct link between the content of the interview and success of the job. However, despite having a high degree of validity and relatedness structured interv

Citi group Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Citi group - Research Paper Example The project also makes a cost and benefit analysis to identify the most suitable application of strategies. Lastly it recommends suitable ways of application of the strategies to produce desired results. This project tries to identify the present problems confronting one of the leading financial service providers in the world, the Citigroup. The company originated in New York and is based all over the world. The period of financial crisis followed by the economic downturn had serious consequences for the company and its stakeholders. It led to the creation of a number of problems for the organization. The project tries to identify those problems. Identification of problems has been supported by provision of data using secondary research. Each problem has been presented explicitly along with data and examples. The project tries to understand the root of these problems and designs suitable strategies to solve them. It also makes a cost and benefit analysis to priorities the list of solutions. Lastly it tries to present the ways in which the company’s mission can be achieved using the strategies. Citi is the leading company in the field of financial services in the global market. The company is based in New York. The company originated from the merging of two banking giants, namely Citicorp and Travelers Group. It is known for having the most efficient and largest financial services network across the globe. Its business is spread across 140 countries and its customer base goes up to 200 million. The company provides a wide range of products and services to customers, institutions, corporations and the government. Its services include â€Å"banking and credit, corporate and investment banking, securities brokerage, transaction services and wealth management† (Citi-a, â€Å"Our Brands†). The company considers providing advisory solutions to clients is of paramount importance. It never fails to reinforce this commitment in every

The Roper Logan Tierney Model Nursing Essay

The Roper Logan Tierney Model Nursing Essay The aim of this study is to demonstrate the care management that a nurse can provide to a patient who had Laparotomy and mesh repair of incarcerated incisional hernia. It also shows how the Roper- Logan- Tierney Model was utilized in assessing, planning, implementing, and evaluating patients care. The core of this care study is on infection and wound healing management which was identified as the patients main problem. According to NICE (2008), a minimum of 5 out of 100 surgical patients develop infection and that this covers almost a quarter of all infections acquired in a hospital. The patients name was altered to uphold confidentiality (NMC, 2008). In this study, health and social care policies affecting the patient care were also considered. PATIENT PROFILE Mrs P is a 63 years old lady who was admitted due to symptoms of small bowel obstruction like vomiting, bloating and abdominal pain. She lives with her husband in a privately owned house who also has impaired mobility due to stroke. Mrs P weighs 111 kilograms, 5 feet 7 inches tall and body mass index of 38. Previous medical history includes Chronic Kidney Disease Stage 2 (2008), Congestive Cardiac Failure (2007), leg cellulitis (2006), Essential Hypertension (2005), Primary repair of Incisional Hernia (1992), Type 2 Diabetes(1991), Repair of Umbilical Hernia(1985), Total Abdominal Hysterectomy NEC (1979) and Cholecystectomy (1976). After series of examination, she was found to have incarcerated incisional hernia which was repaired with mesh on the emergency list. Post- operatively, she was admitted to ITU for ventilator support and post-op care. When she was stable, she was transferred in the ward and two weeks post- op she developed infection and her abdominal wound dehisced. Patient has to take several medications while in the hospital to help her recover. She had Augmentin (Co- amoxiclav) 625 mg via oral route three times a day, followed by tazocin (Piperacillin with Tazobactam) 4.5 grams intravenously every 8 hours interval, Fragmin (Dalteparin) 7500 units once at 6 pm, senna (7.5mg) two tablets in the evening, bisoprolol 10 mg once daily, furosemide 20 mg daily orally, ramipril 5mg daily orally, amlodipine 10 mg daily oral, paracetamol 1 gram 4-6 hourly oral, domperidone 10mg three times daily orally, insulin Glargine(Lantus) twice a day SC injection, Novorapid three times daily SC injcetion, and oxycodone hydrochloride (oxynorm) 10 milligrams every 4-6 hours orally when needed. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY The development of an surgical site infection depends on contamination of the wound site at the end of a surgical procedure and specifically relates to the pathogenicity and inoculum of microorganisms present, balanced against the hosts immune response(NICE,2006). Typically, wound infection is caused by migration of patients normal flora to the wound site. Another way of surgical site being contaminated is being in contact with contaminated surgical equipments, environment, and hands of staffs. (NICE, 2006). ASSESSMENT The Roper- Logan-Tierney Model of Nursing based on activities of living was used in planning the care of Mrs P which is a widely used model in practice areas in the UK(Roper et al 2000). Maintaining a safe environment Mrs P was alert and orientated however she is diabetic, hypertensive, uses eye glasses and obese. She has an infected wound that is oozing and painful, poorly healed, dehisced, abdominal wound. She has a urinary catheter in situ which can be a potential site of another infection. Communicating Patient can communicate effectively, her primary language is English, can hear and talk without any aids and difficulties, and very conversant but when it comes to her care she tends to stay quiet and just wait for her turn to be look at. Breathing Patient is at risk of developing chest infection due to decreased mobility and respiratory depression due to oxynorm medication. Patient has a respiratory rate of 15 breaths per minute, oxygen saturation of 98% on air, no shortness of breath noted, no signs of respiratory distress and no complaints of pain during breathing. Eating and Drinking Patient claims to have decreased appetite after operation and risk of poor wound healing since although she is obese, she still needs some important nutrients like protein and vitamins like vitamin A,C, and K. Also patient is scared that when she ate, it will cause more pressure to her abdominal wound. Patient is able to eat and drink independently, no complains of difficulty of swallowing, and she is on normal diet. Eliminating Mrs. P has urinary catheter in situ draining adequate amount of urine at present which made her at risk of further infection. She was continent of faeces and uses bedside commode with assistance of two staffs. Because of the pain on her wound when moving and the need of two staffs to help her get out of bed, she keeps refusing her senna tablet and end up opening her bowel on bed. Personal Cleansing and dressing Nurses are the one irrigating and changing her wound dressing. Mrs P is unable to wash and dress herself independently due to her current state of health. Did not have any shower since admission because of her difficulty in mobilising. Controlling body temperature Although Mrs P got an infection, her temperature during assessment was 36.8 degree Celsius, no sweating noted, skin warm to touch, uses only hospital gown and dressing gown to keep her warm during the day, and uses top sheet and one blanket at night. She has limited mobility which predisposed her to poor blood circulation. Mobilising While on bed, Mrs P can turn on her sides but still with assistance of one staff because of her abdominal wound and shes an obese patient. Patient complains of pain on the surgical site when moving and mobilising. Three days before she was being hoisted from bed to chair and back to bed with assistance of 3 staffs but at this time after referral to physiotherapist, she can transfer to chair with assistance of two staffs and use of a zimmer frame. She was able to stand during the transfer and can make 2-3 steps during transfer. Working and playing Patient worked in an office before but had early retirement due to illness. Enjoys knitting and playing with her grandchildren at home. Although she can still do knitting, she cannot run or look after her grandchildren at home in her situation. Expressing sexuality Mrs P is 63 years old, menopause, and still lives with her husband. Her abdominal wound makes her anxious about her body image. Sleeping Patient says shes not able to sleep well due to environment change, pain and sometimes bowel urgencies. Mrs P takes two glasses of milk before bedtime. Death and Dying Mrs P keeps asking about worst thing that could happen to her regarding her present condition. She is worried for her husband when it happens to her first. Patient does not have a will. IDENTIFICATION OF PATIENTS PROBLEM While in the ward, Mrs P was assessed using the RLT Model based on activities of living. From those activities, all problems identified were related to her infected wound that is not healing normally. She has to stay further in the hospital until her infection is dealt with and that her condition will be manageable by primary care. This is a serious problem that if not attended immediately would cause further injury or problems to Mrs P therefore these problems which are related to each other should be the priority and the focus of her care plan. GOALS After nursing interventions, Mrs P will be able to verbalize feelings regarding her condition and understand the course of treatment being done to her. In three to 7 days, patient will be able to mobilize on her own using her zimmer frame and will be infection free. NURSING CARE PLAN PROBLEMS INTERVENTIONS RATIONALE REFERENCES 1.Wound Infection >Monitored patients vital signs. >Assessed wound site daily and documented. >Maintained aseptic technique when changing dressing and irrigation. >Administered antibiotic as prescribed. >Encouraged patient to eat nutritious food and increase fluid intake >Educated patient about wound infection control and prevention. >Infection is frequently linked with pyrexia >As basis for treatment >To prevent further deterioration in wound >Inhibits growth and kill microorganisms >Enhance immune response >To have an idea on how to manage her surgical wound Rico et al, 2002 Shultz et al, 2003 MEP,2008 Colier, 2004 Dealey,2012 NICE, 2006 2. Poor wound healing >Assessed the wound and its surroundings >Monitored blood glucose regularly >Maintained strict infection control measures >Encouraged patient to eat nutritious food and increase fluid intake >Encouraged diversional activities like knitting and reading papers. >Maintained a moist wound environment but not saturated >Managed exudates to ensure that surrounding skin is protected from leakage. >Referred to tissue viability nurse >To assess healing and as basis for treatment. >Associated with delayed wound healing. * need to expand >To prevent further infection >Poor nutrition increases infection risk. * how does protein, calories affects healing, hydration? Link poor healing with nutrition. >To reduce stress caused by pain on the wound surroundings. >Supports wound healing >Exudates can damage surrounding skin and is ideal for bacterial growth >To give advice on appropriate wound dressing for wound healing by secondary intention. Daugherty and Lister, 2004 Patel, 2008 Pratt et al,2007 Dealey, 2012 Augustine and Maier,2003 Shultz et al,2003 Vowden and Vowden, 2002 NICE, 2006 PART 2 HEALTH AND SOCIAL CARE POLICIES The basic principle of NHS is that good healthcare should be available to all, regardless of wealth(NHS website,2011). In order to maintain it, the NHS is regulated by several policies. DH policies are designed to improve on existing arrangements in health and social care, and turn political vision into actions that should benefit staff, patients and the public (DH 2010b). Mrs Ps information are compiled in a folder and kept in a secure place so that only members of the Multi-disciplinary team responsible for her care will be able to access it. It is the responsibility of healthcare professionals to safeguard their patients information and share it only to appropriate individuals (NMC, 2008). Mrs Ps personal information were handled in accordance with Data Protection Act of 1998. According to Mental Capacity Act of 2005, every adult has the right to make his or her decision and must be assumed to have capacity to make them unless it is proved otherwise. Informed consent was taken from Mrs P before any procedures or treatment was given or done. Doctors, anaesthetists and nurses has the responsibility to explain all tests and procedures being carried out on her and made sure she understood why it is being done or given to her. The consent is not valid when the person did not understand intervention (DH, 2009a). The vital signs of Mrs P were kept monitored and documented using the National Early Warning Score (NEWS)Chart. It is a new observation chart (implemented July, 2012) used in the ward where Mrs P was admitted. RCP (2012) says that this is also used as a surveillance system for all patients in hospitals, tracking their clinical condition, alerting the clinical team to any clinical deterioration and triggering a timely clinical response. Another tool used in Mrs Ps ward is the SBAR Tool. It is a structured method for communicating critical information that requires immediate attention or action(NHS Website, 2008). The patient was also assessed using the Waterlow Pressure Ulcer Risk Assessment Tool and Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool(MUST). In the chart it says there that although the later was incorporated to Waterlow, they should be assessed individually to ensure patient needs are addressed and their care was implemented (Waterlow 1985, Revised 2005). This tool helps nurses and other healthcare professionals in identifying what measures and equipment are needed for the care of the patient. NICE (2006) recommends that all hospital inpatients on admission and all outpatients at their first clinic appointment should be screened (weighed, measured and have Body Mass Index (BMI) calculated). Screening should be repeated weekly for inpatients and when there is clinical concern for outpatients. The abdominal wound of Mrs P was also assessed and documented on the Wound Management Chart implemented by the trust. Mrs Ps surgical team decided to leave her dehisced wound open and heal by second intention. The team looking after her prescribed antibiotic, and twice a day irrigation and dressing of her wound. Mrs P was referred to the Tissue Viability Nurses (TVN) for advice on appropriate dressings to be used on her wound as it was planned to heal by secondary intention (NICE, 2012). Another issue to consider in looking after Mrs P was infection control. The fact that she was already infected does not mean healthcare staffs no longer follow Infection control procedures. Infection control should be strictly manifested in order not to aggravate her situation. Hand hygiene is important especially before touching the patients wound to minimise introduction of pathogens and also after changing wound dressings to prevent self and cross- contamination of patient. The WHO (2006), provided Five Moments as to when healthcare professionals should perform hand hygiene. Use of appropriate Personal Protective Equipments (PPE) should also be worn when irrigating and renewing the surgical wound dressing of Mrs P to prevent spread of infection. Guidelines on how to put on PPE and how to take it off were also produced by WHO(2007). Proper disposal of sharps used by Mrs P like needles used for her antibiotic, insulin, and fragmin injection should also be observed. They should be th rown directly to designated sharp bins as uncapped and still assembled (RCN,2011). OVERALL EVALUATION AND CRITIQUE OF FRAMEWORK The nursing process is an orderly method of designing and providing nursing care which are collecting information and assessing the patient, planning care and defining objectives for nursing care, implementing interventions and evaluating results (Uys Habermann, 2005,p.3). Roper et al(2000,p.124) pointed out that assessment which is considered to be the first phase of the nursing process should be done regularly and not only once. Being this the case, the use of Roper- Logan-Tierney (RLT) Model based on Activities of Living is preferred for Mrs Ps case. It does assess the patient needs wholly and can determine the impact of infection and poor wound healing to her identified twelve activities of living as recognized by the model. Using RLT model, an overview of Mrs Ps health status was created and from it prioritization of her needs is easier. This model enabled healthcare professionals to produce a care plan which is unique or aligned to her needs. The author of this care study find this framework to be an ideal model in assessing patient and useful for healthcare professionals as they do not miss out any aspect of care. Looking at the down side of the model, it is a very long process of assessment and it takes time for a healthcare staff to finish all the twelve areas. The author of this study thinks although it is an ideal one that in a ward where Mrs P was confined, there might be an issue in doing this regularly to all patients. It is a very busy ward and if all patients are assessed regularly using this model, problems on other aspect of nursing process will be left untouched and cause additional work to incoming staffs. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS FOR FUTURE PRACTICE Health and social care policies are indeed very important and has a great impact to the healthcare system. It serves as the basis for the trusts in making their own policies and it guides healthcare professionals to their practice. Nurses practice in accordance with the NMC Code, Standards of conduct, performance and ethics for nurses and midwives and other laws and guidelines provided by the British government and different departments or agencies like the Department of Health, National Institute of Clinical Excellence, World Health Organization, etc. After using the Roper-Logan-Tierney Model The care of Mrs P went smoothly during her stay in the hospital. Her post- operative complications have been managed without any major issues. Since the very start, nurses and other members of the MDT reassured her that personal details and all information regarding her care is treated as confidential and that this could only be shared to appropriate people only on her approval. The MDT members based their interventions on the protocol and policies of the trusts which was based on National policies. Mrs Ps problems were managed by the interventions provided in the hospital and was now discharged and back to her home. Long term goals were also taken into account therefore a proper referral to the district nurse was done before she went home.