The Role Of Relational Leadership And Leadership Studies

John Maxwell once said, â€Å"Leaders become great, not because of their power, but because of their ability to empower others.† His idea is something I have always searched for in leaders I choose to follow. It is some I try to embody myself. The leader I chose to interview is the epitome of Maxwell’s words. Kyleigh Mazer, is a junior at Ball State University. She is 20 years old and is from Floyds Knobs, Indiana. Mazer is studying Entrepreneurial Management with minors in Marketing and Leadership Studies. Involved as a Resident Assistant, Excellence in Leadership (EIL) ambassador, National Residence Hall Honorary inductee and American Marketing Association member, she is making the most of time leaving her footprint on the Ball State†¦show more content†¦Its vision is to foster the most successful, well-adjusted generation of wounded service members in our nation s history (). The purpose of the organization to raise awareness and enlist the public s ai d for the needs of injured service members, help injured service members aid and assist each other and to provide unique, direct programs and services to meet the needs of injured service members(). I believe this is a very important social issue. Presidential candidates in the past three election cycles during the debates have extensively identified the problem of not supporting our veterans, yet barely anything has been done making The Wounded Warrior Project very important. After a semester of planning the race took place in April of 2015. Their hard work came to fruition as 67 runner participated and another 24 volunteered. Mazer is an ideal candidate for the interview beyond her group because she decided that the 5k should happen every year in order to raise awareness on our campus. Therefore she decided to make it into a student organization called Cardinals for Camo. Currently, the official status of the organization is in the works with the Office of Student Life. The organization should be approved by the end of October as she has already received formal approval for hosting meetings and recruiting members. Her inspiration and passion for continuing and creating the

Great Expectations, by Charles Dickens Essay - 1094 Words

Essay on Great Expectations (by Charles Dickens) Explore Dickens effective â€Å"language† to create â€Å"setting† and â€Å"character† in the opening chapter of Great Expectations. Dickens opens the theme of death early in the chapter. In the second paragraph he mentions the tombstones of Pips parents, â€Å"I gave Pirrip as my fathers family name on the authority of his tombstone†. This informs us that Pip experienced death at an early age. He goes on to describe the churchyard and the land around continuing the themes of death, and general negativity. Pip says that, â€Å"My most vivid and broad impression of the identity of things, seems to have been gained on a memorable raw afternoon towards evening.† The word vivid is used to†¦show more content†¦In addition he mentions â€Å"scattered cattle† implying that there is no order to this landscape, or even to the little â€Å"life† that exists there. The brilliant phrase, â€Å"the distant savage lair from which the wind was rushing was the sea†, uses language very effectively to create a powerful metaphor having the sea as a wild beast in its lair from which the wind as running away. The quote, â€Å"and that Alexander, Bartholomew, Abraham, Tobias and Roger, infant children of the aforesaid, were also dead†, tells us that Pips family was a typical Victorian one - large with high infant mortality. This reflects Dickens own family. Dickens like Pip was brought up near the coast – in fact his life had many similarities to Pips so much so that people have suggested that Great Expectations is close to an autobiography of Dickens. Dickens also did not like the menial job he had when he was younger and thought he was to good for his station, as Pip does later on in the novel. Dickens’s father was imprisoned for debt at one time and Dickens and his family were imprisoned with him. This meant that he would have met convicts and knew what they were like, just as Pip meets one in the churchyard. Dickens uses language to give us our first impression of the convict’s character before we have even seen him. First thing we get is his voice, â€Å"â€Å"Hold your noise† cried a terrible voice†, Dickens use of the wordShow MoreRelatedGreat Expectations By Charles Dickens1113 Words   |  5 Pagesadventures that the male characters go on. This seems to be relevant in a lot of movies and books like the story Great Expectations by Charles Dickens. In Great Expectations there are multiple female characters like Estella, Biddy, and Miss Havisham who all play a large part in the main character, Pip’s life. One of the first that we meet the character Estella in Charles Dickens’ Great Expectations is when Pip goes to Miss Havisham’s to play with her. The two kids play the game beggar my neighbor when EstellaRead MoreGreat Expectations By Charles Dickens1347 Words   |  6 Pagespoor status of the economy, social mobility does not seem to be occurring at high rates, with the poor getting poorer and rich getting richer. Despite this, social mobility is alive and well, and has been for centuries. In his novel, Great Expectations, Charles Dickens voices the concerns of many that lived in Victorian England during the 19th century by promoting such a desire to live life in a more prosperous social class. One of the most fundamental and reoccurring themes in the novel is that ofRead MoreGreat Expectations By Charles Dickens1426 Words   |  6 Pages Twelve-year-old Charles dickens gets ready for bed after a long day at the blacking house. These Victorian-aged memories will provide him with many ideas for his highly acclaimed novel Great Expectations. Set in 1830 England, Great Expectations is a coming-of-age story about a common innocent boy named Pip and his road to becoming a gentleman through the influence of others. Pip is influenced both positively and negatively by Estella, Herbert, and Magwitch. Estella left a huge impression on PipRead MoreGreat Expectations by Charles Dickens984 Words   |  4 PagesCharles Dickens utilizes his life for inspiration for the protagonist Pip in his novel Great Expectations. They both struggle with their social standing. Dickens loved plays and theatre and therefore incorporated them into Pip’s life. Dickens died happy in the middle class and Pip died happy in the middle class. The connection Dickens makes with his life to Pip’s life is undeniable. If readers understand Dickens and his upbringing then readers can understand how and why he created Pip’s upbringingRead MoreCharles Dickens Great Expectations943 Words   |  4 Pages This is true in many cases but none as much as in Great Expectations. In many ways the narrator/protagonist Pip is Charles Dickens in body and mind. While there are many differences between the story and Charles Dickens life there remains one constant. This constant is the way Pip as the narra tor feels, because these feelings are Dickens s own feelings about the life he lead. Since Great Expectations was written towards end of Charles Dickens life, he was wiser and able to make out the mistakesRead MoreGreat Expectations By Charles Dickens1375 Words   |  6 PagesGreat Expectations by Charles Dickens and The Talented Mr Ripley by Anthony Minghella present similar criticisms of society to a large extent. Both of these texts consider the criticisms of rich social contexts (wealth and status), societal morality (whether a society is good or not. Status [can lead to the wrong people being in a high position i.e. making bad decisions affecting the community/society] Appearance [society appears to be moral/good (if you’re from a higher status) {dickens criticisesRead MoreCharles Dickens Great Expectations1344 Words   |  6 Pagessomething that is not what they truly need? Often, they use social class to fill a void in their lives that can not be filled by materiali stic possessions. Many people realize this, but it is often too late. Charles Dickens demonstrates the effects of social climbing in his novel, Great Expectations. This novel explores the connections and effects of human nature and society, which are the two most powerful forces that guide people’s decisions. Some may say that social climbing is good, but as will beRead MoreCharles Dickens Great Expectations1223 Words   |  5 PagesBeloved author Charles Dickens was born on February 7, 1812 in Portsmouth, England. Growing up in a life of poverty, his childhood hardships provided the inspiration to write a myriad of classic novels including his 1861 seminole masterpiece, Great Expectations (â€Å"BBC History - Charles Dickens†). Great Expectations follows the life of an orphan named Pip, who’s perspective of the world is altered when he is attacked by an escaped convict in his parents’ graveyard in the town of Kent. Throughout hisRead MoreGreat Expectat ions by Charles Dickens1285 Words   |  6 PagesAP Great Book Assignment: Great Expectations The 544-page, Bildungsroman novel, Great Expectations, by Charles Dickens is considered a classic because it has stood the test of time, appealing to generation after generation of readers while still remaining relevant to them. Published in 1861, Dickens created a coming-of-age story that is similar to his other novel, David Copperfield, but Great Expectations is considered to have reflected parts of his own life. There are several parallels betweenRead MoreGreat Expectations By Charles Dickens924 Words   |  4 Pagesa character driven novel, or a mix of the two. In order for a novel to be character driven, it must revolve more around the characters’ individual thoughts, feelings, and inner struggles, rather than around the quest of the story. Great Expectations, by Charles Dickens, is a character driven novel. While the story does have a plot, it is not contingent upon that plot, but rather is reliant upon its characters and their natures. This is evident from the beginni ng of the novel. From the opening of

Employee Relations and High Performance Work Practices

Question: Discuss about the Employee Relations and High Performance Work Practices. Answer: Introduction Employment relation is related with development and maintenance of relationship in between the employer and the employees. It is the responsibility of the employer to implement the efficient human resource practice in the organization to enhance their performance. In the given situation it is identified that the previous owner of the company is not worried about the employees. He was more concerned in retrieving the productivity. The employers were not paying attention towards the safety of the workers. This situation suggests that the organization need to implement efficient strategies in order to attain long-term sustainability (Hendry, 2012). Situational analysis As per the case study, it is observed that the Top Trucking Company is doing well in its business. The employees were not satisfied with the company norms regarding the Human Resource Policies. The dominating nature of the employee has lead to high employee turnover. The duties were delegated to the workers according to the convenience of the manager. The employees were not allowed to share their views in decision making. The company was not making expenses on improving the infrastructure. This resulted in an increase in the number of accidents in the factory. It is increasing the concern related to the safety of the employees. The employees are continuously showing dissatisfaction towards the management due to their ignorant behavior. The current scenario has become worse due to the behavior of old owner. The current owner has handover the ownership which requires major changes in the Human Resource Management. Changes Required In the given situation it is required that the changes are necessary in the company in order to develop the current structure. It is seem that the employees at the Top Truck Company are highly dissatisfied with the HRM policies. According to the employees it is the worst place to work looking at the current situation. The organizational structure doesnt pay attention towards the employees grievances (Armstrong Taylor, 2014). Their only desire is to increase the overall productivity without paying any consideration to the employees. This requires a proper investigation into the matter and changes need to be implemented in order to retrieve the maximum benefit. It is necessary that the changes are introduced in a systematic manner so that employees can incorporate the changes in their daily life. The employees can only work for a short period if they are asked to work under extreme pressure. The owner of the company has already created so many complications in the organization. This h as led to an increase in the employee turnover. The dissatisfaction among the employees is considered to be one of the major reasons that have created disparities (Sparrow, Brewster and Chung, 2016). Employees need to be given basic facilities so as to be capable to achieve their targets. There is a situation where employees are facing a high amount of pressure due to the irrational approach of the management. The irresponsible behavior at their end has led to serious accidents in the factory premises. Thus the organization requires changes in the human resource management so that the targets can be achieved (Armstrong Taylor, 2017). Risk associated with sustaining changes The changes in the organization are difficult to manage for the manager. The employees are not every time ready to accept the changes introduced in the organization. In the given situation George and the new manager were not in the same line while implementing the changes. George helped in supporting the organization in incorporating changes. It is important to sort out the differences in between the manager and George to figure out the differences. The majority of changes related to the changes are related to reduction of strikes done by the workers. George being the representative of the union has the potential to manipulate the manager in order to retrieve maximum results. It is necessary for the management to introduce changes in a systematic manner by convincing the union leaders. It will be easy for the individual to imply the changes by organizing the efforts by focusing upon the new changes. The primary focus of the organization is to convince the union representative to init iate changes (Wilton, 2016). Changes and new practices The appointment of new manager has bought in new changes in the organizational culture. The new organizational structure adopted by the organization is more focused on delivering individual output rather than organizational output. Previously the organization was focused on increasing the productivity without giving any concern to the employees. The initial change was regarding the improvement in the working environment. It is important to notice that there was an increase in the rate of accidents under the previous ownership. It is observed that the company has made considerable expenses on the infrastructure of the company (Aswathappa, 2013). This has helped in developing the overall target of the company. Individual interest is now given more preference over the organizational interest. The new owner has enough funds to develop the infrastructure to provide efficiency at the workplace. It is observed that the trucks were not functioning properly. Efforts are made in the correct di rection by improving the overall infrastructure in order to provide safe work environment. Employees were given proper training I order to cope up with the unsafe situations. The efforts are helping employees in realizing their importance in the organization. The new ownership has created a sense of belongingness for the organization. Employees feels more motivated and are focusing on improving the overall yield (Shields et al 2015). The given case study also focuses on the positive changes that have happened in the organization after the transfer of the ownership. There is a need to make an extra effort for the benefit of the employees so that they are able to give effective results. The managerial approach in the organization has changes to a large extent .this has helped in creating a sense of belongingness. Employee now feels safe to share their views about the organizational change (Storey, 2014). More employees are not participating in the decision-making approach. The managers are now considering the opinion of the employees before implementing a change in the organization. The employees have now freedom to speak their heart in an efficient manner. Now the manager takes proper step before implementing any change in the organizational structure. Employees feel more focused and can concentrate towards their job in order to provide maximum outcome. The safety is given more concern at the organization and chan ges were implemented according to the requirements of the employees. The management is now providing effective training and development procedure so as to develop the employees for a better future. The support provided by the manager has helped the organization to grow in a diversified manner (Gennard Judge, 2010). The organization change is necessary in the given situation due malpractices done by the previous owner. There is a necessity to align the strategies in an efficient manner so as to achieve goals. Now the organization feels more comfortable and content with the new changes (Albrecht et al 2015). Complementing effective HRM practices The new approach introduced by the management has helped the employees in realizing their goals. Now the organization is giving more attention towards the employee interest. The new changes has helped inn realizing the different goals. The new practices introduced by the management have helped in incorporating positive changes. The new system in organization has helped in motivating the employees. The new training and development program introduced has helped the organization in realizing various objectives. The new participative approach has helped the management in incorporating effective changes in the organization. Employees feel more focused and can concentrate towards their job in order to provide maximum outcome (Ntalianis, Dyer Vandenberghe, 2015). Union is considered as the group of people who works in an organization. Every union has a particular representative who acts as a mediator in between the management and the union. This helps in communicating the ideas in the organization in an efficient manner (Gill Meyer, 2013). Involvement of Union at Workplace change As per my understanding, Blue Collared union members are the one who are not allowed to share their views in decision making. They are not educationally much qualified and work as per the direction given by the management. They belong to a very low economic background and generally receive wages and salary. They are very less involved in the decision making in an organization (Gill Meyer, 2013). On the other hand Public sector Union is the one who belong to a job and service level employment. They are well educated and receive proper acknowledgement from the employer. They are more educationally qualified and eligible to give their views at the time of decision making. They are known for the specialized knowledge in the field. Accordingly the company takes suggestion from the Public sector Union due to their knowledge regarding the subject-matter. The management observes their suggestion as appropriate against the blue-collared transport Worker Union (Gill Meyer, 2013). Conclusion This is necessary to understand that managing efficient employees relation in the organization is important in order to receive desired result. There is a necessity as per the case study to incorporate new ideas and features to derive maximum results. As per the above analysis it ensured that the organization requires effective approach in decision making. It is necessary in an organization in order to develop long-term sustainable relationship in between the employer and the employee. References Albrecht, S. L., Bakker, A. B., Gruman, J. A., Macey, W. H., Saks, A. M. (2015). Employee engagement, human resource management practices and competitive advantage: An integrated approach.Journal of Organizational Effectiveness: People and Performance,2(1), 7-35. Armstrong, M., Taylor, S. (2014).Armstrong's handbook of human resource management practice. Kogan Page Publishers. Armstrong, M., Taylor, S. (2017).Armstrong's handbook of human resource management practice. Kogan Page Publishers. Aswathappa, K. (2013).Human resource management: Text and cases. Tata McGraw-Hill Education. Gennard, J., Judge, G. (2010).Employee relations.. London: Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development Gill, C. Meyer, D. (2013). Union presence, employee relations and high performance work practices.Personnel Review,42(5), 508-528. Hendry, C. (2012).Human resource management. Routledge. Ntalianis, F., Dyer, L., Vandenberghe, C. (2015). Owner-employee relations in small firms.Journal of Managerial Psychology,30(7), 832-846 Shields, J., Brown, M., Kaine, S., Dolle-Samuel, C., North-Samardzic, A., McLean, P., ... Plimmer, G. (2015).Managing Employee Performance Reward: Concepts, Practices, Strategies. Cambridge University Press. Sparrow, P., Brewster, C. and Chung, C., 2016.Globalizing human resource management. Routledge. Storey, J. (2014).New Perspectives on Human Resource Management (Routledge Revivals). Routledge. Wilton, N. (2016).An introduction to human resource management. Sage.

Occupational Safety and Health Management free essay sample

Everything that is taboo in the safety practitioner’s book can be found in the construction site. For example, employees are easily exposed to hazardous substances such as paints, thinners, glues, varnishes, asbestos, and also to toxic agents mainly from underground work. Sites can easily accumulate debris which can be a fire hazard or a health hazard. Drilling and excavation work can cause accidental fires or even explosion. Working at height can result in debris falling on workers or even workers falling from heights. Fire, noise and dust are common constituents in construction sites, can be an inconvenience or danger to the neighborhood, especially in built-up areas. The issue of hygiene may also be a problem especially in the demolition of old buildings which may have been a haven for drug addicts. The problems in the construction sector is not limited to the above mentioned areas can range from an unreported little bruise, to the collapse of the Highland Towers. We will write a custom essay sample on Occupational Safety and Health Management or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Even the smallest construction site has the potential to cause a catastrophe. The construction site indeed versatile and accident are increasing both in absolute terms and by percentage. Take for example the statistic on permanent disablement cases in the construction sector, which has risen from 190 in 1991 to 305 in 1993. The appalling safety record is a clear indication that things are not right, and something has to be done about the construction site. Occupational safety and health is becoming a critical area in management as Malaysia accelerated the pace of its industrial programme. This is evident with the legislation of the Occupational Safety and Health Act 1994. The ministry of Human Resources reported that in 1993, alone there were 128, 621 occupational accidents 728 deaths. The loss to the country in skilled human resources and in economic term is equally staggering; approximately RM 4 billion annually in terms of lost production profit, taxes, wages welfare and related items. The basic components of safety management are: * Policy * Organizing * Planning and Implementation * Evaluation Action for Improvement When a new employee starts with an organisation, it is important that they are aware of the occupational health and safety policies and procedures so that they are able to complete their job requirements safely. Areas to be considered: * Briefing all new employees on  occupational health and safety  policy at induction * Providing a training session to new employees on all safety procedures, including evacuation and other emergency procedures * Ma king reasonable adjustments if required, e. g. roviding clear markings and colour contrasts on steps or pathways, building a ramp to allow access to a building and providing a parking space close to the place of employment for an employee in a wheelchair. Safe working practices should also be reviewed and emphasised with all employees on a regular and ongoing basis. To ensure that everyone knows the correct health and safety procedures, and that all employees, including new employees, have access to information about safety procedures, you should: * Ensure that employees have access o information in appropriate formats, for example, screen reading software, enlarged font and audio. * Provide regular information updates and re-training sessions * Provide access to information about safety procedures * Conduct relevant training on any new equipment or machinery. The leading safety hazards on site are falls from height, motor vehicle crashes, excavation accidents, electrocution, machin es, and being struck by falling objects. Some of the main health hazards on site are  asbestos,  solvents,  noise, and manual handling activities. Falls from heights is the leading cause of injury in the construction industry. Fall protection is needed in areas and activities that include, but are not limited to: ramps, runways, and other walkways; excavations; hoist areas; holes; formwork; leading edge work; unprotected sides and edges; overhand bricklaying and related work; roofing; precast erection; wall openings; residential construction; and other walking/working surfaces. The height limit where fall protection is required is not defined. It is any height that may result in injury from a fall. Protection is also required when the employee is at risk to falling onto dangerous equipment. Fall protection can be provided by guardrail systems, safety net systems, personal fall arrest systems, positioning device systems, and warning line systems. All employees should be trained to understand the proper way to use these systems and to identify hazards. The employee or employer will be responsible for providing fall protection systems and to ensure the use of these systems. Hazard Anticipation and Detection There are few ways to anticipate and detect hazards: Conduct a baseline hazard survey. A baseline survey is a thorough evaluation of your entire workplace — including work processes, equipment, and facilities — that identifies safety or health hazards. A complete survey will tell you what the hazards are, where they are, and how severe they could be. Have an experienced safety professional survey your workplace with you. Perform regular workplace inspections. Regular workplace inspections tell you whether you’ve eliminated or controlled existing hazards and help you identify new hazards. Quarterly inspections by employees trained in hazard recognition are a good way to get the job done. Do a job-hazard analysis. A job-hazard analysis (JHA) is a method of identifying, assessing, and controlling hazards associated with specific jobs. A JHA breaks a job down into tasks. You evaluate each task to determine if there is a better, safer way to do it. A job-hazard analysis works well for jobs with difficult-to-control hazards and jobs with histories of accidents or near misses. JHAs for complex jobs can take a considerable amount of time and expertise to develop. You may want to have a safety professional help you. Use material safety data sheets to identify chemical hazards. Your employees must be able to understand and use material safety data sheets (MSDS). An MSDS has detailed information about a hazardous chemical’s health effects, its physical and chemical characteristics, and safe practices for handling. You must prepare an inventory list of your hazardous chemicals and have a current MSDS for each hazardous chemical used at your workplace. If your employees handle hazardous chemicals or chemical products, you’ll also need to develop a written hazard-communication plan that identifies the chemicals and describes how your employees are informed about chemical hazards. Look for new hazards whenever you change equipment, materials, or work processes. Determine what hazards could result from the changes and how to control them. If your business works at multiple sites — construction contracting, for example — you may need to do a hazard assessment at each site. Investigate accidents to determine root causes. Most accidents a re preventable. Each one has a cause — poor supervision, inadequate training, and lax safety policies are examples. When you eliminate the cause, you can prevent another accident. Develop a procedure that determines who will do the investigation and ensures the investigation will be thorough and accurate. Investigate incidents to determine root causes. An incident is a miss or a â€Å"close call. † One way to investigate near misses is to have a â€Å"no-fault† incident reporting system: Employees just fill out a simple incident-report form that describes the incident and how it happened. Investigate the incident as if it were an accident and tell your employees what you will do to prevent it from happening again. Hazard prevention and control The best way to control a hazard is to eliminate it. If you can’t eliminate it, control it so that it won’t do any harm. The best controls also protect the worker by reducing the risk of human error, such as interlocks on guards and other â€Å"fail-safe† mechanisms. Other ways to prevent and control hazards: * Ensure that your employees know when and how to use personal protective equipment (PPE). Personal protective equipment is another way to minimize exposure to a hazard, but it’s only a barrier between the hazard and the user. If PPE fails, your employee risks exposure. Before you purchase PPE, know the specific hazards it protects against and be sure that it fits the user. When you’re unsure, ask someone who’s familiar with the type of equipment you need — especially when you’re selecting chemical protective clothing or respirators. Always train employees how to wear, use, and maintain their equipment before they use it for the first time. * Maintain equipment on schedule. Preventive maintenance keeps equipment running properly, reduces downtime, and prevents accidents. Maintenance logs that show when the work was done, what was done, and the next scheduled maintenance date are a good idea. And always follow the equipment manufacturers’ maintenance requirements. Practice good housekeeping. Keep passageways, storerooms, and work areas clean and sanitary. Keep electrical cords away from areas where people could trip over them. Keep floors clean and dry. Use drains, false floors, platforms, or mats in wet areas. Keep floors and passageways free from protruding nails, electrical cords, splinters, holes, or loose boards. à ¢â‚¬ ¢ Enforce workplace safety rules. These include any Oregon OSHA rules that apply to your workplace as well as your own rules. Document them, ensure that employees understand them, and enforce them. †¢ Plan for emergencies. A well-rehearsed emergency plan can protect people, equipment, and property. You should have well-stocked first-aid kits and a procedure for summoning ambulance or paramedic services. †¢ Document how you control hazards. Keep records that show what you’ve done to eliminate or control hazards. Identify the hazard, describe what you did to correct it, and record the date it was corrected. Planning and evaluation Planning and evaluation give your safety program a long-term focus. Are you achieving your goals? If not, what are the reasons? Were your accident investigations effective? Did the reports identify causes and recommend how to control or eliminate them? At least once each year, evaluate your safety effort. Use the results of your evaluation to set new goals. Describe what needs to be done to accomplish each goal, determine who’s responsible for accomplishing it, and set a date for achieving it. Other important planning activities include: * A workplace injury-and-illness analysis. * A comprehensive review of your written safety procedures for equipment. * A comprehensive review of your required programs (such as lockout/tagout and hazard communication). Administration and supervision Administration and supervision are fancy terms for accountability. An effective safety program holds all employees accountable for doing their jobs safely. Ways to strengthen accountability: * Write a disciplinary policy that expresses clear safety expectations for all employees. * Make supervisors accountable for enforcing workplace safety rules and safe practices among those they supervise. * Include your employees’ workplace safety responsibilities in their job descriptions and performance evaluations. * Acknowledge your employees’ contributions to the safety effort. Safety and health training Your employees need to know their safety responsibilities, what hazards they could be exposed to, and how to control their exposures. New-employee orientations, emergency drills, classroom sessions, and hands-on practice are good ways they can to learn. And don’t forget managers and supervisors. * All employees must know the Oregon OSHA requirements that apply to their jobs. They must be trained to do their jobs safely before they begin, retrained whenever there are changes that create new workplace hazards, and trained periodically to maintain their skills. New employees should have orientation training that covers your business’ safety policy, workplace safety rules, hazards, and procedures for responding to emergencies. * Supervisors must know the hazards, hazard-control methods, applicable Oregon OSHA rules, and emergency procedures associated with their jobs. * Managers must understand the importance of leadership in maintaining a safe wo rkplace, the applicable Oregon OSHA rules, and how to comply with them. Employee participation You won’t have a strong safety program without employee participation. Your employees operate the equipment, use the tools, and do the tasks that expose them to hazards so they need to be involved in the effort to keep your workplace safe. Make sure your employees have a way to report hazards and respond promptly to their concerns. They can also participate by: †¢ Suggesting safety policies, safety-training topics, and ways to allocate safety resources. †¢ Suggesting ways to prevent and control hazards. †¢ Showing coworkers how to work safely. †¢ Helping to evaluate your safety and health program. How to conduct an accident investigation . Establish an investigation team: Include employees who have been trained to conduct an effective investigation. A typical team might include: * An employee from the work area where the accident occurred * A supervisor from a work area not involved in the accident * A maintenance supervisor or an employee who understands equipment or processes associated with the accident. * The safety supervisor * A safety committee representative 2. Gather information: Record the facts about the accident. Interview witnesses and others involved. 3. Analyze the facts: Identify the accident’s causes and contributing factors. Determine how the accident could have been prevented. 4. Report the findings: Prepare a written report that describes who was involved, where the accident occurred, when it happened, and what caused it. Recommend, specifically, how to prevent the accident from happening again. 5. Act on the recommendations: Have management review the report and determine what will be done to prevent the accident. 6. Follow up: Ensure that appropriate corrective action was taken to prevent the accident. In the construction industry, the safety management system must take into consideration the following issues placing greater emphasis on the human element. Identifying and involving key members: It is vital for all activities in the construction site to be properly coordinated. For example, the job of erecting the scaffolding and sand blasting, or hot work and chemical cleaning must not be carried out at the same time. This would mean that someone is assigned and made responsible for coordinating and conducting the work systematically. The first step here is, identifying who these key people are and then giving them responsibility. The responsible staff should be aware that they are accountable for their actions and omissions. Effective communication: The key to success in the construction industry is team work, with an in-built mechanism for communication from everyone the construction site. In the structure of the organizational hierarchy, the channel of communication should flow freely from top to bottom, vice-versa and laterally. The channel of communication should not stop with the managers, but it must reach even the shop-floor level workers and the labourers. For example, employees who carry out works must be informed about the dangers such as the presence of asbestos, explosives, underground sewage, etc. Managing contractors: Management of the contractor should occur when the organization enters into a contract with an external management organization (sub-contractor), which from then on operates as the project’s of the project being undertaken by the works of the work that is being contracted out. Identifying and quantifying hazards: There are numerous hazards in the construction site which cannot be avoided unless they are identified. Therefore a systematic survey of task must be conducted. A. IDENTIFYING AND INVOLVING KEY MEMBERS Recently the United Kingdom enacted a comprehensive piece of document called â€Å" The Construction (Design and Management ) Regulation† or in short CDM Reg, which came into force on March 31, 1995 ( Williams, 1995 ). This Regulation provides a concrete framework for the whole construction industry in Europe and it rightfully identifies and places special duties on few key personnel. Similarly, in the Malaysian context, it is important to identify and assign duties to the following key people. The Client or the Developer The starting point for the construction projects is the client, who may include property developers, government agencies or industrial companies. As they are financing the construction project, they have the discretion to exercise considerable control over the projects from inception to completion. They should be responsible for: * Appointing competent personnel to ensure that the project is completed according to the plan, cost, time and quality; * Ensuring that there are sufficient resources, including adequate time for completion; * Drafting a safety Plan with stipulated dates, so that safety issues are systematically carried out. A safety Plan is putting down in writing the various items and procedures to be undertaken; * Communicating information to the relevant authorities about foreseeable risks. For example, if the client is aware that pipes and electrical cables are running through the site, information must be communicated to the Planning Supervisor; * Ensuring that a safety file is prepared and easily available for future construction work. This will prevent the client from â€Å" reinventing the wheel† ,or redoing the various procedures in future. Planing Supervisor As identified earlier, communication and co-ordination are vital issues in the construction industry. The appointment of the planing Supervisor is mainly to assign a person with the overall responsibility of co-ordinating and communicating safety and health issues. The responsibilities include: * preparing and monitoring the Safety and Health Plan, taking into consideration the stipulated dates; * advising the client on the satisfactory allocation of resources; * preparing and monitoring the safety and health file. Designer The function of the designer is to sure that proper consideration is given to safety and health of the project from conception. His responsibilities include: * Introducing methods for eliminating or reducing risks. Priority should be given to incorporate control measures at the source of the problem because it will protect every subsequent employee. For example, access/egress and lighting should be constructed at the design stage and not as an afterthought; * Conveying messages mainly on hazards in the workplace to relevant people at an early stage instead of the employees to find it out for themselves the hard way. Where risk cannot be avoided, information on the risk must be provided to the Planning Supervisor for inclusion in the Safety and Health Plan. Principal Contractor Basically the principal Contractor and other contractors must ensure that the theme of co-ordination on safety and health is carried out. The main requirements are: * Ensuring that only authorized persons gain access to the site; * Providing information, training and supervision to employees and self-Department of Occupational Safety and Health; * Carrying out the Safety Plan prepared by the Planning Supervisor. Without enacting laws and enforcing it, employing the above key personnel may not be practical in Malaysia. However, its should be bone in mind that it is sufficient to assign the mentioned responsibilities to key personnel because without it no one will take the initiative or be accountable for occupational safety and health. B. EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION In the context of today’s work relationship, there is overwhelming evidence that one-way communication is factory. Management needs to initiate and maintain a dialogue and not a monologue with people involves information coming into the organization. Looking at each one separately. In-coming: In any organization, there should be arrangements to keep abreast of the information that is relevant to the industry. The government’s recent proficiency test proposal for engineers, surveyors, architects, is aimed to achieve a high level of efficiency, productivity, quality and safety. The construction industry must keep abreast with the legal developments and technical improvements because it cannot afford to develop through a trial and error method. Out-going: Procedures to inform the authorities on issues such as reporting accidents to DOSH, providing information to the press, emergency service, local resides etc. Within the organization: This is very important and is mainly divided into two main areas: a) Visible communication; b) Written communication. Visible communication include: * Behavior of managers and supervisors. Management must be seen to be committed and interested in safety because the attitude of the workers is always the supervisors. For example, if managers do not wear safety helmets at the construction site, workers would not do so either. If managers are late or do not turn up for safety meetings, the employees would do the same; * Regular safety tours; Risk assessment or audits; * Provision for feedback from anyone interested in OSH; * A senior manager should chair meetings; * Provide training to employees. This is a visible indication that management cares for the staff. Written communication include: * A written Safety Policy which is easily available to anyone; * Performance standards and safety procedure standards that are written down; * Records of risk assessment/audi ts, technical inspections, etc. In addition, each contractor must introduce a communication channel between his subordinate and his supervisor. For example, the subordinate contractor should report matters to his contractor and also be informed and be responsible for issues pertaining to subcontractors. To achieve this the contractor must conduct frequent meetings, site audits, inspections, training, etc. Without any doubt an effective and efficient working Safety Committee is vital to the communication channel is open. C. MANAGING CONTRACTORS Having introduced the construction industry and its key members, the next important issue is managing contractor. Acquiring the service of competent contractor with a good safety record is fundamental to the success of a construction industry. Let us now look at the meaning of a contractor. Legally, anyone involved in any work activity for reward is a contractor. The contractor is therefore contracted to do something for another party and in consideration for what is done, receives a payment. The contractors are subjected to the same guiding rule of OSH Act 1994 and their duties are covered in Part IV of OSH Act, under the heading â€Å"General duties of employee and self-employed person’’. Apart from the general duties under OSH Act 1994, there are also specific statutory duties under the Factories and Machinery Act 1967, i. e. in relation to Building Operation and Works of Engineering Construction, Noise, Mineral dusts, Lead, Welfare, etc. Though there are basic legal requirement for contractors, the client or any managing contractor will encounter problems in the contraction site if additional safety standards are not specified in the contract document at the time of tendering. There is the â€Å"escape clause† for new contractors if standards are introduced at a later stage, because any fresh standard would subsequently affect the price and duration of the existing contract. Therefore, any specific prerequisites of the project of the need for additional manpower must be taken into consideration when preparing and presenting the tender. All occupational safety and health facilities should be identified, quantified, costed and must be included in the contract. Such procedures should be carried out by everyone involved in the construction industry, whether it is the main contractor, sub-contractor or a self employed person. Such meticulous preparation will ensure that occupational safety and health is incorporated from the design stage and ensues throughout the project rather than just adding it, on a piecemeal basic, at a later stage. In addition to setting standards for contractors, they should also be thoroughly vetted before being selected. Examples of a check-list that will help to screen contractors are available. D. IDENTIFYING RISKS AND QUALIFYING HAZARDS The old maxim of â€Å"what cannot be measured, cannot be managed† is very appropriate in this context. For example, if we do not monitor and keep track of our expenses, our expenditure may surpass our income leading to the classic case of mismanagement of funds. The same goes in the construction industry, where every activity should be measured, evaluated and written down in the form of acceptable procedures. This should even be for little things like workers bringing in equipment into the construction site or purchasing safety supplies. Such scrupulous steps will pay dividends because even the small contractors will be forced to think about how they are going to carry out a particular task. Subsequently they will pay be able to identify the underlying hazard associated with it. Risk assessment is one such tool used to measure all activities in the workplace. Risk assessment is a proactive measuring tool, based on the principle of fact finding rather than fault finding. The fact finding process of risk assessment would mean that the necessary corrective actions can be taken to improve operations and conditions. Physical inspections, flow charts organizational charts, fault tress, hazard indices, hazard and operability studies (HAZOP), audits, incident recall, checklist, etc. are other tools used for identifying, quantifying and even controlling risk. In addition to quantifying processes there are also benefits in quantifying the performance of contractors. For example, a huge billboard displayed at the entrance of the contraction site based on the performance of the various contractors may encourage contractors at the bottom of the table to pay greater attention to safety and health. Consequently mean better contracts elsewhere. If the construction industry as a whole in Malaysia could follow a standard rating, it would revolutionize the construction industry. Contractors with poor records will not be given future contracts, which would result in them dying a natural death, whilst those with high standards would strive harder to get more contracts. Conclusion In terms of occupational safety and health, there are many materials, information and aids available to anyone to make use of. There are now more safety practitioners, advisors and consultants. When it comes to construction industry, a greater effort need to be put to ensure the safety of the employees and the interest of the management are kept at satisfactory level. Reference : Stephen Williams. Construction safety-the team. The Safety and Health Practitioner, Vol. 13, No. 3, March (1995). Maizon Omar. The construction industry a brief overview. The Journal of Insurance and Risk Management, Vol. 2 (1995). OSH Act 1994 Factories and Machinery Act 1967 Web : Wikipedia

How to Write IEP (Individualized Education Plan) Goals

How to Write IEP (Individualized Education Plan) Goals An Individualized Education Program (IEP) is a written plan developed for special education students. The IEP is generally updated annually by a team that often includes the special education teacher, special education administrator, general education teacher, specialists such as speech, occupational, and physical therapists, as well as a school nurse. Writing IEP goals correctly is vital to a special education students success because, unlike in general or regular education, students in special education are legally entitled to an education plan specifically tailored to their cognitive and physical ability and needs. The IEP goals lay out the roadmap for providing such an education. Key Takeaways: SMART IEP Goals IEP goals should be SMART: specific, measurable, attainable, results-oriented, and time-bound.SMART IEP goals are realistic for the student to achieve and explain how the student will accomplish them.Smart IEP goals always consider the students present levels of performance and include a brief description of how progress will be measured as well as what constitutes successful completion of each goal. SMART IEP Goals All IEP goals should be SMART goals, an acronym that refers to goals as specific, measurable, achievable, results-oriented, and time-bound. A SMART IEP goal will be realistic for the student to achieve and lay out how the student will accomplish it. Breaking down the components of SMART goals into their specific elements can make them easier to write. Specific: The goal should be specific in naming the skill or subject area and the targeted result. For example, a goal that is not specific might read, Adam will be a better reader. Such a goal fails to provide any details. Measurable: You should be able to measure the goal using standardized tests,  curriculum-based measurements  or screening, work samples, or even teacher-charted data. A goal that is not measurable might read, Joe will get better at solving math problems. Attainable: A lofty goal that is not attainable can discourage both teacher and student. A goal that is not attainable might read, Frank will ride public transportation all over town without any mistakes any time he wants. If Frank has never ridden public transportation, this goal is likely out of reach. Results-oriented: The goal should clearly spell out the expected result. A poorly worded goal might read, Margie will increase her eye contact with others. Theres no way to measure that and no indication of what the result might be. Time-bound: The goal should state specifically by what date the student is expected to accomplish it. A goal lacking a time expectation might read, Joe will explore career opportunities. Consider Present Level of Performance To write SMART goals, the IEP team needs to know the present levels at which the student is functioning. For example, you wouldnt expect a student to learn algebra by the next IEP if she is currently struggling to add two-digit numbers. Its important that the current levels of performance accurately and honestly reflect the students abilities and deficiencies. A report on the present levels of performance often begins with a statement of the students strengths, preferences, and interests. They would then cover: Academic skills: This lists the students ability in math, reading, and writing, and spells out deficiencies in these areas compared to grade-level peers. Communication development: This describes the level of communication at which the student is functioning as well as any deficits compared to same-age peers. If the student has speech deficits or is using vocabulary and sentence structure that are below grade-level peers, that would be noted here. Emotional/social skills: This describes the students social and emotional abilities, such as getting along with others, initiating and taking part in conversations with friends and classmates, and responding appropriately to stress. An issue in this area could interfere with a students ability to learn and interact with teachers and peers. Monitor Progress Once the IEP team has agreed on a set of goals for the year, its important to monitor the students progress toward meeting those goals. The process for monitoring the students progress is often included in the IEP goals themselves. For example, a SMART goal listed previously reads as follows: Penelope will be able to solve two-digit addition problems with 75 percent accuracy as measured by work samples, teacher-charted data, and standardized tests. For this goal, the teacher would collect work samples over a period of time, such as a week or month, to indicate Penelopes progress. Data collection  refers to regularly assessing a student’s success on individual items in her goals, usually at least once a week. For example, the teacher and paraprofessionals might maintain a daily or weekly log that shows how accurately Penelope is solving two-digit multiplication problems on a daily or weekly basis. Review and Update Benchmarks as Needed Since goals are written to cover an entire year, they are generally broken into benchmarks. These might be quarterly periods where the teacher and staff can monitor how well the student is progressing toward the specific goal. For example, the first benchmark might require Penelope to solve two-digit problems with 40 percent accuracy by the end of the first quarter; the second benchmark, three months later, might require her to solve problems at 50 percent accuracy, while a third might call for a 60 percent accuracy rate. If the student is not close to achieving these benchmarks, the team can include an addendum adjusting the final goal to a more reasonable level, such as 50 percent accuracy. Doing so provides the student with a more realistic chance of achieving the goal in the long run. IEP Goal Examples IEP goals should, as noted, follow the SMART acronym, ensuring that they are specific, measurable, achievable, results-oriented, and time-bound. Following are some examples: Adam will be  able to read a passage orally in a grade-level book at 110 to 130 words per minute with no more than 10 errors. This goal is specific because it specifies exactly how many words Adam will be able to read in a minute as well as the acceptable error rate. As another example, a SMART goal that is measurable might read: Penelope will be able to solve two-digit addition problems with 75 percent accuracy as measured by work samples, teacher-charted data, and standardized tests. This goal is measurable because it specifies the desired accuracy percentage on all work samples. A goal that is attainable goal might read: By the next meeting, Joe will travel from school to home safely on a public transportation bus once a week with 100 percent accuracy as measured by teacher-charted data. Put another way, this is a goal that Joe might well be able to reach; hence, it is attainable. A results-oriented goal could state: Margie will look the person speaking to her in the eye 90 percent of the time in four out of five daily opportunities, as measured by teacher-charted data. This goal focuses on results: It specifies what, exactly, the outcome will be if Margie reaches the goal. (Shell be able to look a person in the eye 90 percent of the time.) A time-bound goal, by contrast, might read: By the next meeting, Joe will explore career opportunities through a variety of media (such as books, library, internet, newspaper, or tours of job sites) with 100 percent accuracy in four out of five weekly trials, as measured by teacher-charted observation/data. Importantly, this goal specifies when Joe should reach the goal (by the next meeting, likely a year from the date the goal was initially accepted by the IEP team). With this goal, everyone on the IEP team is aware that Joe is expected to have explored the specified career opportunities by the next meeting.

The Alien and Sedition Acts of 1798

The Alien and Sedition Acts of 1798 The Alien and Sedition Acts were four national security bills passed by the 5th U.S. Congress in 1798 and signed into law by President John Adams in the midst of fears that a war with France was imminent. The four laws restricted the rights and actions of U.S. immigrants and limited the First Amendment freedom of speech and freedom of the press rights. The four acts- the Naturalization Act, the Alien Friends Act, the Alien Enemies Act, and the Sedition Act- increased the minimum U.S. residency requirement for the naturalization of aliens from five to fourteen years; empowered the President of the United States to order aliens considered â€Å"dangerous to the peace and safety of the United States† or who came from a hostile county deported or imprisoned; and restricted speech that criticized the government or government officials.   Alien and Sedition Acts Key Takeaways The Alien and Sedition Acts were four bills passed in 1798 by the 5th U.S. Congress and signed into law by President John Adams.The four national security bills were passed amid fears that a war with France could not be avoided.The four acts were: the Naturalization Act, the Alien Friends Act, the Alien Enemies Act, and the Sedition Act.The Alien and Sedition Acts restricted the rights and actions of immigrants and limited the freedoms of speech and of the press contained in the Constitution’s First Amendment.The Sedition Act, limiting the freedoms of speech and of the press, was by far the most controversial of the four laws.The Alien and Sedition Acts were also a part of a power struggle between America’s first two political parties; the Federalist Party and the Democratic-Republican Party. While presented on the premise of preparing for war, the laws were also part of a larger power struggle between the nation’s first two political parties- the Federalist Party and the Anti-federalist, Democratic-Republican Party. The negative public opinion of the Federalist-backed Alien and Sedition Acts proved a major factor in the controversial 1800 presidential election, in which Democratic-Republican Thomas Jefferson defeated incumbent federalist President John Adams. The Political Aspect When John Adams was elected as the second President of the United States in 1796, his Federalist Party, which favored a strong federal government, had started losing its political dominance. Under the Electoral College system at the time, Thomas Jefferson, of the opposing Democratic-Republican Party, had been elected as Adams’ vice president. Democratic-Republicans- especially Jefferson- believed the states should have more power and accused the Federalists of trying to turn the United States into a monarchy.   When the Alien and Sedition Acts came before Congress, the laws’ Federalist backers argued they would strengthen America’s security during the looming war with France. Jefferson’s Democratic-Republicans opposed the laws, calling them an attempt to silence and disenfranchise voters who disagreed with the Federalist Party by violating the right of freedom of speech in the First Amendment. At a time when most immigrants supported Jefferson and the Democratic-Republicans, the Naturalization Act raised the minimum residency requirement to qualify for American citizenship from five to 14 years.The Alien Friends Act empowered the president to deport or jail any immigrant deemed to be â€Å"dangerous to the peace and safety of the United States† at any time.The Alien Enemies Act authorized the president to deport or jail any male immigrant above age 14 from a â€Å"hostile nation† during times of war.Finally, and most controversially, the Sedition Act restricted speech considered critical of the federal government. The law prevented people accused of violating the Sedition Act from using the fact that their critical statements had been true as a defense in court. As a result, several newspaper editors who criticized the Federalist Adams administration were convicted of violating the Sedition Act. The XYZ Affair and the Threat of War Their fight over the Alien and Sedition Acts was just one example of how America’s first two political parties were split over foreign policy. In 1794, Britain was at war with France. When Federalist President George Washington signed the Jay Treaty with Britain it greatly improved Anglo-American relations but enraged France, America’s Revolutionary War ally.   Shortly after taking office in 1797, President John Adams tried to smooth things over with France by sending diplomats Elbridge Gerry, Charles Cotesworth Pinckney, and John Marshall to Paris to meet face-to-face with French foreign minister, Charles Talleyrand. Instead, Talleyrand sent three of his representatives- referred to as X, Y, and Z by President Adams- who demanded a $250,000 bribe and a $10 million loan as conditions of meeting with Talleyrand. After the U.S. diplomats rejected Talleyrand’s demands, and the American people became angered by the so-called XYZ Affair, fears of an outright war with France spread. While it never escalated beyond a series of naval confrontations, the resulting undeclared Quasi-War with France further strengthened the Federalists argument for passage of the Alien and Sedition Acts.   Sedition Act Passage and Prosecutions Not surprisingly, the Sedition Act evoked the most heated debate in the Federalist-controlled Congress. In 1798, as it is today, sedition is defined as the crime of creating a revolt, disturbance, or violence against lawful civil authority- the government- with the intent to cause its overthrow or destruction. Loyal to Vice President Jefferson, the Democratic-Republican minority argued the Sedition Act violated the First Amendment’s protection of freedom of speech and the press. However, President Adams’ Federalist majority prevailed, arguing that under both U.S. and British common law, seditious acts of libel, slander, and defamation had long been punishable offenses and that freedom of speech should not protect seditious false statements. President Adams signed the Sedition Act into law on July 14, 1798, and by October, Timothy Lyon, a Democratic-Republican congressman from Vermont, had become the first person convicted of violating the new law. During his current reelection campaign, Lyon had published letters criticizing Federalist Party policies in Republican-leaning newspapers. A grand jury indicted him on charges sedition for publishing material with â€Å"intent and design† to defame the U.S. government in general and President Adams personally. Acting as his own defense attorney, Lyon argued that he had no intent to harm the government or Adams by publishing the letters and that Sedition Act was unconstitutional. Despite being supported by popular opinion, Lyon was convicted and sentenced to four months in jail and fined $1,000, a sizable amount at a time when members of the House received no salary and were paid only a $1.00 per diem. While still in prison, Lyon easily won reelection and later overcame a Federalist motion to expel him from the House. Perhaps of more historic interest was the Sedition Act conviction of political pamphleteer and journalist James Callender. In 1800, Callender, originally a backer of Republican Thomas Jefferson, was sentenced to nine months in jail for what a grand jury called his â€Å"false, scandalous, and malicious writing, against the said President of the United States,† then Federalist John Adams. From jail, Callender continued to write widely-published articles supporting Jefferson’s 1800 campaign for president. After Jefferson won the controversial 1800 presidential election, Callender demanded that he be appointed to a postmaster position in return for his â€Å"services.† When Jefferson refused, Callender turned on him, taking his revenge by publishing the first evidence supporting the long-rumored claim that Jefferson had fathered children by his slave Sally Hemings. Including Lyon and Callender, at least 26 people- all opposing the Adams administration- were prosecuted for violating the Sedition Act between 1789 and 1801. The Legacy of the Alien and Sedition Acts Prosecutions under the Sedition Act spurred protests and widespread debate over the meaning of freedom of the press in the context of political speech. Credited as being the deciding factor in Jefferson’s election in 1800, the law represented the worst mistake of John Adams’ presidency. By 1802, all of the Alien and Sedition Acts except the Alien Enemies Act had been allowed to expire or had been repealed. The Alien Enemies Act remains in effect today, having been amended in 1918 to allow the deportation or imprisonment of women. The law was used during World War II to order the confinement of more than 120,000 Americans of Japanese descent in internment camps until the end of the war. While the Sedition Act violated key provisions of the First Amendment, the current practice of â€Å"Judicial Review,† empowering the Supreme Court to consider the constitutionality of laws and executive branch actions had not yet been perfected. Sources and Further Reading â€Å"The Alien and Sedition Acts: Defining American Freedom.† Constitutional Rights Foundationâ€Å"Alien and Sedition Acts.† The Avalon Project at Yale Law School  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Our Documents: Alien and Sedition Acts.† National Archives and Records Administrationâ€Å"The thin-skinned president who made it illegal to criticize his office.† The Washington Post (September 8, 2018)Ragsdale, Bruce A. â€Å"The Sedition Act Trials.† Federal Judicial Center (2005)

How to quit smoking Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

How to quit smoking - Essay Example There are several methods that can help to quit smoking. Nicotine gum is one method that can help to quit smoking only when it is used to as a program to change the behavior. Nicotine gum can help to control cravings and also withdrawal symptom. It can help to double the rate of quitting. It can become hard for people to quit smoking when they are addicted towards it. Nicotine gum contains nicotine which makes people to addict towards smoking. Nicotine released after chewing nicotine gum helps to replace some of the nicotine that was stored during smoking cigarettes. Nicotine level in the gun is in less quantity that that of cigarettes. It can help to reduce withdrawal symptoms such as frustration, irritability, anger and anxiety (Krumhol, 2002). Nicotine gum helps to avoid Carbon monoxide and other harmful chemicals that acquired from smoking. Most smokers want to quit smoking but the addiction towards it makes difficult. Of course one needs good support to help them quit smoking (Goldberg, 2009). Nicotine gum is the first step that can help to quit smoking (Gansler, 2010). Ultimately it is up to the smoker to decide what is good for them. Smokers who are prepared to quit smoking must have this gum to control their urge to quit smoking (Brannon, 2013). The urge of s moking may evolve only when someone quit smoking. But people who want to quit smoking must be prepared to control their addiction. But if someone don’t plan for their urges then they are most likely to smoke again (Hales, 2008). Nicotine gums helps to remove cravings that are caused by smoking. People must have sufficient willpower to quit smoking. Nicotine gum is helpful when people are strongly tempted towards smoking (Carlson, 2004). Each puff of smoking cigarette emits 4700 different harmful chemical compounds. Information shows that are very fatal and every day millions of people die to smoking (Foody, 2007). In short smokers can get many types of diseases; one of

Volcanic impact on environment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Volcanic impact on environment - Essay Example The exploitation of these materials in turn has a direct impact on the environment.† (Marti and Ernst, xiii) Significantly, the direct and indirect impact of volcanoes on the environment and society requires significant public awareness as volcanic eruptions never get public attention unless when people and buildings are harmed directly by these volcanoes. The crucial impact of hazardous volcanic processes on the environment and the society needs to be analyzed comprehensively and it is important to realize that the direct volcano hazards include fall processes, flowage processes, and other processes, while the indirect volcano hazards include earthquakes and ground movement, tsunami, atmospheric impact and climate change, etc. A profound analysis of the volcanic impact on the environment confirms that the volcanic eruptions are extremely harmful to the environment, primarily because of the number of toxic gases emitted in the process. Significantly, the toxic gases emitted in volcanic eruptions include carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, hydrogen chloride, hydrogen fluoride, carbon monoxide, volatile metal chlorides, etc. and these are extremely hazardous to the environment. This paper makes a reflective exploration of the volcanic impact on the environment in order to discover the various hazardous ways in which volcanic eruptions and process influence the environment and the society, directly and indirectly. One of the major research questions of an analysis of the volcanic impact on the environment should be how the volcanic gases have

Steam Coal Crushing Plant Essay Example for Free

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Caryl Churchill’s play Far Away and Jane Taylor’s Ubu and the Truth Com

Caryl Churchill’s play Far Away and Jane Taylor’s Ubu and the Truth Commission Caryl Churchill’s play Far Away and Jane Taylor’s Ubu and the Truth Commission are two plays that both concern violent, corrupt political systems, but each playwright goes about confronting these issues in a quite different style. Jane Taylor structures her work with an omniscient perspective that allows the audience to see the reality of what is happening at all times, while Churchill utilizes a limited perspective that leaves the audience as unaware of the truth as her characters. These approaches result in two plays that are very different in character, but at the same time, both of the works successfully create a similar uneasy, frightening atmosphere that is effective in impressing upon the audience the dangers and injustices of such violent governments Ubu, the main character of Ubu and the Truth Commission, is a corrupt dictator faced with the ramifications of the cruel and violent actions of his government. Throughout the play he grapples with truth; during the course of the action he hesitates about telling the truth about his involvement in the affairs, tries to cover up the evidence, and ultimately gives false testimony, claiming innocence. In the end his dishonesty prevails, and the truth commission fails. The political head and the military leader head of Brutus escape punishment while the army head is done away with, and Ubu himself is let off his charges. The final scene closes on Ubu, his wife, and Niles, the crocodile representing the rich white population, sailing away free directly in the face of an eye symbolizing truth. Despite the failure of truth in this play, the facts are not hidden from the audience – Taylor lea... ...hes its purpose in a different manner. Taylor’s blunt symbolism displays the truth openly to the audience in order to place emphasis on the injustice of the outcome of such government. The bitter irony and sinister characters combined with the horrifying tales of the witness puppets create a truly uneasy atmosphere that serves her purpose well. In contrast to this omniscient viewpoint, Churchill produces a world in which the truth is hidden from the audience as well as the characters. This choice puts the audience in a position of great anxiety as well and just as effectively communicates the potential dangers of such an environment. Both Caryl Churchill and Jane Taylor explore the horrors of corrupt government with dramatically different methods, but both successfully construct worlds that force the audience to deal with these issues involving truth and corruption.

Commentary on John Keats’s Poems Essay

O golden-tongued Romance with serene lute! Fair plumed Syren! Queen of far away! Leave melodizing on this wintry day, Shut up thine olden pages, and be mute: Adieu! for once again the fierce dispute, Betwixt damnation and impassion’d clay Must I burn through; once more humbly assay The bitter-sweet of this Shakespearian fruit. Chief Poet! and ye clouds of Albion, Begetters of our deep eternal theme, When through the old oak forest I am gone, Let me not wander in a barren dream, But when I am consumed in the fire, Give me new Phoenix wings to fly at my desire. COMMENTARY : The poem under study was written in 1818 after the completion of John Keats’s 4,000-line poem Endymion. We are facing a traditional and fixed form of poem as â€Å"Sitting Down to Read King Lear Once Again† is an Elizabethan sonnet  composed of fourteen lines which are divided up into three quatrains, that is four-line stanzas, and a final couplet -or two lines of verse. The rhyming pattern is abba, cddc, efef, gg as, notably â€Å"Lute† (l.1) rhymes with â€Å"mute† (l.4), â€Å"far-away† (l.2) with â€Å"day† (l.3) and â€Å"dispute† (l.5) with â€Å"fruit† (l.8). Moreover, the lines are iambic pentameters since they contain five iambic feet for instance : _ / _ / _ / _ / _ / â€Å"O Gol/den-tongued /Romance, /with se/rene Lute!† Like most of Keats’s poems, this text deals with the speaker’s encounter with something which incites him to meditate and alters significantly his vision of life. It is the perusal of King Lear written by William Shakespeare in 1605 which affects him this time and this is not a first reading judging by the presence of â€Å"Once Again† in the title. Keats was a great admirer of Shakespeare. The theme of death, which is one of Keats’s main concerns, is latent in the poem. This sonnet’s thought can be divided into four parts. Firstly, chivalric romances are praised and put aside. Secondly, the effects they provoke are contrasted with those engendered by the reading of King Lear. Thirdly, the speaker begs Shakespeare and heaven , his sources of inspiration, to help him. Finally, he compares himself to the Phoenix, which has the power to be immortal. To begin with, the first quatrain opens with the interjection â€Å"O† which is by definition used to express strong feelings. Indeed, the poem is charged with lyricism, the two exclamation marks contributing to it among other things. In this way, we are conscious from the beginning that the speaker ‘s rereading of Shakespeare’s tragedy makes him profoundly react. Then, the term â€Å"Romance† refers to medieval romance, a form of narrative which developed in the 12th century and related tales of chivalry and courtly love. Its heroes were idealized and the plot often contained  miraculous or supernatural elements such as dragons or monsters fighting for the sake of the heroine. The adjective which qualifies this genre of literature, that is â€Å"Golden-tongued†, means that it is wonderfully narrated. Besides, it can be paralleled with â€Å"the realms of gold† Keats refers to in the same first line of the sonnet â€Å"Upon First Looking into Chapman’s Homer†, the phrase being there a metaphor for books he highly values. Next, the lute is a stringed instrument, whose music acts as an enchantment on readers and leads them to sweet thoughts. This first line is basically an apostrophe since the speaker directly addresses â€Å"Golden-tongued Romance† thus personifying it. The â€Å"Fair plumed Syren† is praised as well, the poet considering her a royal person -a â€Å"Queen†- who â€Å"melodiz[es]† (l.3). She is also present in the romance in question. A siren, in Greek mythology, is one of the three sea nymphs, usually represented with the head of a woman and the body of a bird. They inhabited an island surrounded by dangerous rocks and sang so enchantingly that all who heard were drawn near or shipwrecked. The tune produced by the lute can be compared to the bewitching one sang by the siren which irresistibly attracts the poet to like this kind of literature. But, the lexical field of pleasure including â€Å"serene Lute†, â€Å"Fair plumed Syren† and â€Å"melodizing† among other things is contrasted with more negative phrases such as â€Å"wintry day†, â€Å"Shut up† and â€Å"mute†. This indicates that the poet is willing to wander from the sweet thoughts these readings generate, the â€Å"Golden-tongued Romance† being a synecdote for chivalric romances in general. Moreover, the personification process is extended on line 4 since â€Å"Golden-tongued Romance† is addressed as though it was endowed with life and speech. Indeed, â€Å"thine (†¦) Pages† are the book’s. Moreover, the siren is used as a metonymy for the narrative insofar as the poet combines the two on line 4, the predicates â€Å"Shut up† and â€Å"be mute† referring to the nymph. Finally, the adjective â€Å"olden† alludes to this literature’s ancient existence. In short, this first quatrain deals with the poet’s liking for medieval romances insisting on their enchanting power. Nevertheless, the latter wishes to dismiss them from his mind. And prosopopeia is aimed at showing that he is deeply affected by his rereading of King Lear. The second stanza is going to contrast images of beauty with what Shakespeare’s tragedy displays. Next, the second quatrain begins with the poet bidding farewell to pleasant meditations. But, we should first and foremost put this sonnet back in its context. We can easily presume that it is autobiographic, thus that Keats reveals us his own worries. In 1818, he is aware that he has short time left to live due to the fatal illness he is suffering from, that is tuberculosis. Moreover, we have already realized that he is scared of death, particularly in his â€Å"When I have fears that I may cease to be†. In the second stanza, the lexical field of hell is present through â€Å"fierce†, â€Å"damnation† and â€Å"burn through†. And the predicate â€Å"burn through† must be taken both literally and figuratively. On the one hand, it hints at Keats’s future death. On the other, it indicates his agitation facing antagonistic directions as he is torn between hellish visions and sweeter meditations, designated by â€Å"damnation† versus â€Å"impassion’d clay†. So, â€Å"damnation† is a metaphor for the thoughts the reading of King Lear provokes while â€Å"impassion’d clay† refers to those generated by chivalric romances. The word â€Å"clay† probably makes reference to the Bible as the sacred book states that God made the human body with this material. So, it symbolizes fecundity and regeneration in other words life. Thus, it is tempting to infer that romances allow the poet to escape from reality whereas King Lear’s tragic fate reminds him of his bad condition. The second part of the quatrain deals with the poet’s will to concentrate on  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Shaksperean fruit† in other words on King Lear itself. While the first stanza introduced his liking for romances, this one gradually leads us to the subject of the poem – i.e. the feelings and thoughts the reading of the tragedy trigger. King Lear is quite a sad story as it deals among other things with consequences of the fatal mistake the eponymous character makes at retirement as he divides his kingdom between two of his daughters Goneril and Regan thinking that the youngest Cordelia is the one who loves him the least. Once he realizes that his trusted girls intend to drive him away, he leaves them. Cordelia, disowned, became Queen of France. She is informed of the situation and lands on her father’s old kingdom with an army to fight the other girls’. The play ends in a disaster since Goneril, ashamed because unmasked by her husband, who had not known how wicked his wife was, suicides herself after having poisoned her sister Regan, out of a spirit of jealousy. And Cordelia, defeated by her sisters, is hung in prison. Lear dies last, his dear daughter in his arms. The adjective â€Å"bitter-sweet† (l.8) hints at both the pleasure the speaker takes rereading the story and aforementioned sad thoughts. The death of the characters actually reminds him he is to die soon. To summarize, literature acts as a catalyst on Keats since it makes him meditate. And between the images of beauty romances trigger and the unhappy thoughts King Lear provokes, he finally chooses to concentrate on Shakespeare. The reasons of this choice are going to be given in the third stanza. The third quatrain begins in the same way as the second, with an exclamation. â€Å"Chief Poet!† is a characteristic attributed to Shakespeare. In fact, the speaker aims at emphasizing his admiration for the playwright. Then, Albion is the name given by elders to Great Britain because of its white cliffs -in Latin albus means white. This is also where King Lear takes place. And a theme, in a work of literature is an idea that the writer develops or  repeats. If we take into account this definition, â€Å"Chief Poet! and ye clouds of Albion, Begetters of our deep eternal theme!† may mean that Shakespeare and Great Britain are the poet’s inexhaustible inspiration. Next, the speaker identifies with Lear on line 11. When the latter realizes that what Goneril and Regan really want is to chase him away, he leaves. It is a wild and stormy night and he wanders about the fields half mad with misery. So, lines 11 and 12 allude to that very episode in the tragedy. This is an instance of intertextuality. In addition, we can perceive the presence of heaven in this stanza. First, the phrase â€Å"clouds of Albion† reminds us of that biblical place which is usually imagined as being high up in the sky. And spirits walking on clouds are often pictured. Moreover, the fact that Great Britain is named Albion because of its white cliffs conveys the idea of a bridge between earth and heaven or life and death. Next, the â€Å"old oak forest† is highly symbolical. In many traditions, the oak is a sacred tree which is vested with privileges of heaven’s supreme divinity. It is also considered as an intermediary between earth where it puts its roots and the vault of the sky that it touches with its top. That is probably due to its majestic appearance and because it attracts lightning. So, the â€Å"oak forest† can be regarded as a sacred and secluded place, in other words as a kind of sanctuary in which the poet roams waiting for his impending death. Personification is also used as the subject of the predicate â€Å"Let me not wander in a barren dream† is not only â€Å"Chief Poet† but also â€Å"clouds of Albion†. Keats’s fear to die is perceived in that line and begging the deceased playwright to save him is a way of highlighting his sacredness. Let us remind of Keats’s admiration for Shakespeare. Therefore, the Elizabethan writer and heaven’s importance are dealt with. They are the source of the speaker’s inspiration and his saviour. The final couplet is about the poet’s yearning to be reincarnated. Lastly, the legend of the Phoenix is introduced. In ancient Greek and Egyptian mythology, it is a bird. When it felt its death approaching -every 500 or 1461 years-, it would build a nest of aromatic wood, set it on fire and was consumed by the flames. When it was burned, a new phoenix sprang forth from the pyre. In these two lines, the poet compares himself to the mythical bird endowing himself with the same powers as its own, that is those of resurrection and immortality. Indeed, he is tormented by his impending death and yearns to be immortal, what he achieves in a way since 175 years after his death, he is still much read, valued and studied in universities. To conclude, it is pensive introspection in the form of lyric poetry on a young man’s impending death. We are made aware of Keats’s visionary experience rereading King Lear. His liking for romances is highlighted nevertheless he chooses to concentrate on Shakespeare’s masterpiece as it makes him think about his worries. Indeed, literature acts as a catalyst for meditation. Finally, we focus on the poet’s fear of death and yearning for immortality.

Comparison of Eastern and Western Architecture

The comparison and contrast of the western architecture and eastern architectureWhat makes a edifice outstanding and became a typical logo of the metropolis and even the state. It’s non easily for a architecture to pull the travel partisans and the travellers all over the universe. Many of the edifices and constructions featured are celebrated for their beauty. Others have become celebrated for their inventiveness or their historical significance. There are many similarities and differences between Eastern and Western architectural. Their edifice manner, history, stuffs, map and even significance and influence are form more and less difference. Take Chinese Forbidden metropolis and the Buckingham Palace for illustration, they both represent the representative edifice of their state and impact occurred on modern designer ‘s design. As for architectural manner, the Forbidden metropolis and Buckingham Palace reflected the Eastern and Western’s cultural differences. Infected by their civilization, the architectural manner of Chinese traditional manner with particular accent on â€Å" additive beauty † , pay attending to the flow lines of tune. The Forbidden city’s beams, columns, roof can show â€Å" line † artistic entreaty, as in the remainder of the top of the mountain edifice eaves deliberately made aˆâ€ ¹aˆâ€ ¹slightly to the sides form a high rise, but made aˆâ€ ¹aˆâ€ ¹clear the warped corner subdivision, instead steep roof upper and lower more soft, so both for rainwater drainage, but besides contributing to the sunlight and airing. Pursuit of temper and thought heavy moralss embodied in the Chinese ancient edifices really evident when architectural manner, tend to their societal content and symbolism outstanding place on the influential, while besides concentrating on practicality. It’s evidently that the construction contacts the particular Chinese civilization and is practical. In the same context, the Buckingham Palace titling emphasizes â€Å" form United States â€Å" , originated in classical Grecian aesthetics that † the United States in the signifier of objects. Both Forbidden metropolis and Buckingham Palace has long history. In the Middle Ages, the site of the future castle formed portion of the Manor of Ebury. Owners included Edward the Confessor and his queen consort Edith of Wessex in late Saxon times, and, after the Norman Conquest, William the Conqueror. William gave the site to Geoffrey de Mandeville, who bequeathed it to the monastics of Westminster Abbey. In 1531, Henry VIII acquired the Hospital of St James from Eton College, and in 1536 he took the Manor of Ebury from Westminster Abbey. These transportations brought the site of Buckingham Palace back into royal custodies for the first clip since William the Conqueror had given it off about 500 old ages before. Finally, in the late seventeenth century, the freehold was inherited from the belongings baron Sir Hugh Audley by the great inheritress Mary Davies. Likewise, the Forbidden metropolis got through a long period excessively. Beijing Forbidden City began building of Emperor Yongle in AD 1406, was rejected Yuan air conveyance, fundamentally non built on the footing of most of the Yuan Dynasty castle, instead eastward 150 m, re-created from the castle, the castle walls of the castle, including all were re-built, larger than most of the castle, somewhat less than the Forbidden City in Nanjing, a former interior decorator for artisan craftsmen Queen Kuai Xiang, inaugurated in 1420 AD, built from 1420 to about 500 in 1911 between the Qing emperor to renounce, Ming, A sum of 24 Emperor Qing dynasties lived in the Forbidden City. The differentiation on the edifice stuffs is besides a different factor of the edifice manner. In ancient times, Chinese designers used wood as the chief edifice stuffs while Western designers used masonries as their chief stuffs. The most stuffs of the Forbidden metropolis are wood, but because of Forbidden City pick 15 sorts of cherished and timber corrosion, it still protect wholly and won’t cause problem. On the other manus, Buckingham Palace’s facade ornament stuffs are the Bath limestone. These two sort of stuff choice make the edifice have different visual aspect. Many visitants surprised at these wholly different architectural manner edifice from their ain state, the pick of the wood and rock greatly depend the difference of Eastern and Western architecture. With the clip fly, the pick of stuffs change a batch and until now, Eastern state and Western state non merely retained their choice featured on co-workers, but besides learn from each other’s specializer, the interior decorator utilizing different edifice stuffs to make a more originative and typical architectural. The Forbidden City and Buckingham Palace’s map alteration but they are still be used now. Buckingham Palace has served as the official London abode of Britain ‘s crowned heads since 1837 and today is the administrative central office of the Monarch. Although in usage for the many official events and responses held by The Queen, the State Rooms at Buckingham Palace are unfastened to visitants every twelvemonth. The Palace is really much a working edifice and the centerpiece of Britain ‘s constitutional monarchy. It houses the offices of those who support the daily activities and responsibilities of The Queen and The Duke of Edinburgh and their immediate household. The Palace is besides the locale for great Royal ceremonials, State Visits and Investitures, all of which are organised by the Royal Household. Although Buckingham Palace is furnished and decorated with invaluable plants of art that form portion of the Royal Collection, one of the major art aggregations in the universe today. It is non an art gallery and nor is it a museum. More than 50,000 people visit the Palace each twelvemonth as invitees to feasts, tiffins, dinners, responses and the Royal Garden Parties. On contrast, the Forbidden metropolis has apply for World Heritage and it is unfastened for tourers. Forbidden City, two thousand old ages of development in China and East Asia pinnacle of classical architecture, has been impacting the subsequent development of Chinese architecture, every bit good as supplying inspiration for many plants of art. The significance and influence of the Forbidden metropolis and Buckingham Palace is Considerable. Their architecture is a theoretical account for modern construction interior decorator. Walking in the Forbidden City, the artistic consequence of the sort of infinite sequence degree by constructing depth intervention group obtained. Like a Chinese coil appreciate it, to get down with the image of piecewise, people ever with a sense of expectancy, looking frontward to the apogee and coronating touch screen show, therefore heightening the entreaty of the work of art. It is for this ground, the edifice generated after go forthing their old age, still can connotation artistic appeal. To open a new epoch of people ‘s heads casement, giving the joy of beauty. Ancient edifices across clip and infinite is like a span linking the deceased and present, giving the midst ambiance and beauty. Hypertext transfer protocol: //wenku.baidu.com/view/0f86042d0066f5335a812165.html